首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all c
admin
2017-01-17
28
问题
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that
选项
A、both literate and illiterate people can serve on juries.
B、defendants are immune from trial by their peers.
C、no age limit should be imposed for jury service.
D、judgment should consider the opinion of the public.
答案
D
解析
细节题。本文第一段第一句直接点出了美国陪审机制遵循的主要原则,共有五个由that引导的同位语从句,意思分别为“所有符合年龄和文化最低要求的公民都可以从事陪审团的工作;陪审员应该从社区具有代表性的成员中随机选择;任何公民不应该因为种族、宗教、性别或者民族原因而被剥夺参与陪审团工作的权利;被告可以被同辈人审判;裁决应该表达出社会的良知而不仅仅是法律的规定”。题干要求在四个选项中挑选符合这五个原则中的一个。A项“有文化的人和文盲都可以从事陪审团工作”,显然与原则一相悖,因为对文化程度有minimal requirement。B项“被告免于被同辈人审判”,这与原则四有出入。C项“陪审团工作没有年龄限制”,与原则一相悖。因此只有D项判决应该考虑大众的意见”,这与原则五相符.故为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/j2EZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowinginformation.Makecommentsandexpressyourownopinion.
Arepasswordsoutdated?It’sstartingtoseemlikeit.Everybodyhatesthem,andnobodycanrememberalltheonesthey’ve【C1】___
Peekthroughtheinspectionwindowsofthenearly100three-dimensional(3D)printersquietlymakingthingsatRedEye,acompany
Peekthroughtheinspectionwindowsofthenearly100three-dimensional(3D)printersquietlymakingthingsatRedEye,acompany
Fordecadesthemarketforexpensiveheadphoneswasmainlylimitedtohi-fifans.But【C1】______theboxystereosysteminthecor
Peoplehavebeenholdingheateddiscussionsrecentlyaboutwomen’sexperienceintheworkplace.LastmonthSherylSandberg,chie
Bettingagainstanindustrywithaddictsforcustomerscarriesobviousrisks.【C1】______theseareuncertaintimesforBigTobacco
Duringthelast15years,theEarth’ssurfacetemperatureroseatarateof0.04°Cadecade,farslowerthanthe0.18℃increase
Duringthelast15years,theEarth’ssurfacetemperatureroseatarateof0.04°Cadecade,farslowerthanthe0.18℃increase
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUni
随机试题
Inordertoworkheretheforeignerneedsaworkpermit,whichmustbeapplied【C1】______byhisprospectiveemployer.Theproblem
下列溶液中,适合治疗等渗性缺水的是()
肺结核患者在家休养治疗期间,最简便有效的处理痰液的方法是
折杆受力如图所示,以下结论中错误的为:
甲公司2×16年实现利润总额3640万元,当年度发生的部分交易或事项如下:(1)自3月20日起自行研发一项新技术,2×16年以银行存款支付研发支出共计680万元,其中研究阶段支出220万元,开发阶段符合资本化条件前支出60万元,符合资本化条件后支出400
《宪法》具有最高的法律地位,在一个国家的法律体系中起着先导作用。()
一般而言,南宋的花鸟画多小幅画,而________所画的《枫鹰雉鸡图》却是一件很难的的大幅作品。
雕塑《空间中连续的形》的创作者是()。
Oneafternoonwhenlessonswereover,PeterandPauldidnotgohome.Theystayedinschooltohelptheirteachertostartanew
In1791,theFrenchnation,inthemidstofarevolution,wishedtobreakwiththepast,especiallywiththoseaspectsofitwhi
最新回复
(
0
)