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  3. The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying

The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying

admin2013-11-29  29
问题     The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen---is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally iii patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.
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答案 最高法院对安乐死所做的裁决给正在探求减轻病危病人痛苦的医学界以重大支持。 尽管最高法院认为宪法没有赋予安乐死以合法权利，但最高法院事实上支持“双重效应”这一医疗准则。这个几个世纪以来的医疗道德准则认为，假如一种行为具有两种效应——既有以治病为目的的良好效应又有可预测的不利效应——那么为了实现这一良好效应，医生被允许实施治疗且不用考虑其不利效应。 最近几年来，医生们一直在执行这一准则，大量使用吗啡来减轻濒危病人的病痛，尽管加大使用量结果会导致病人死亡。
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