2. 外语
  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused b

Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused b

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问题    Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply."
   Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn’t failing you, " says Schacter. "Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed."
   Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, " says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
   Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available, " he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table — don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
   Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time, " says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
What is the passage mainly about?
选项 A、The process of gradual memory loss.
B、The causes of absent-mindedness.
C、The impact of the environment on memory.
D、A way of encoding and recalling.
答案B
解析 篇章分析已经提到本文的大体结构，第一段提出健忘的问题并做了初步分析，第二三两段是对健忘原因的分析，最后两段告诉人们一些应对健忘的办法。可以说文章结构相当完备，现象、原因、解决办法都涉及了。B所说的原因是第二三段的内容(第一段末也涉及了)，从第二三段的字数和重要性来看，可以被看作文章的主要内容。当然，这个选项如果能加上健忘的解决办法就更加合理了。
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