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  3. By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the

By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the

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问题         By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and
    nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or
    wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch. Mechanization of spinning
    Line and weaving allowed significant centralization and expansion in the textile industry during
(5) this period, and at the same time the demand for cotton increased dramatically. American
    producers were able to meet this demand largely because of tile invention of the cotton gin
    by Eli Whitney in 1793. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating the
    fiber---or lint--from the seed was a laborious process. Sea island cotton was relatively
    easy to process by hand, because its fibers were long and seeds were concentrated at the
(10)base of the flower, but it demanded a long growing season, available only along the
    nation’s eastern seacoast. Short-staple cotton required a much shorter growing season,
    but the shortness of the fibers and their mixture with seeds meant that a worker could
    hand-process only about one pound per day. Whitney’s gin was a hand-powered machine
    with revolving drums and metal teeth to pull cotton fibers away from seeds. Using the gin,
(15)a worker could produce up to 50 pounds of lint a day. The later development of larger
    gins, powered by horses, water, or steam, multiplied productivity further.
    The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of
    the cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production. It became the main American
    export, dwarfing all others. In 1802, cotton composed 14 percent of total American
(20)exports by value. Cotton had a 36 percent share by 1810 and over a 50 percent share
    in 1830. In 1860, 61 percent of the value of American exports was represented by cotton.
    In contrast, wheat and wheat flour composed only 6 percent of the value of American
    exports in that year. Clearly, cotton was king in the trade of the young republic. The
    growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an
(25)unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the
    United States---west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.

选项 A、the European textile industry increased its demand for American export products
B、mechanization of spinning and weaving dramatically changed the textile industry
C、cotton became a profitable crop but was still time-consuming to process
D、cotton became the most important American export product
答案D
解析
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