首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Sitting in stationary traffic is, at best, a Zen experience. Drivers mired in a jam learn to cede control to the powers that be,
Sitting in stationary traffic is, at best, a Zen experience. Drivers mired in a jam learn to cede control to the powers that be,
admin
2013-02-03
57
问题
Sitting in stationary traffic is, at best, a Zen experience. Drivers mired in a jam learn to cede control to the powers that be, becoming at one with the universe as they breathe in the mind-numbing fumes all around. At worst, it is an on-going battle for sanity. But now, according to several groups of researchers in America and Germany, there is something that drivers can do to take back control over the roads. Get adaptive cruise control. And, of course, use it.
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) , as its name suggests, is a modified version of traditional cruise control. It employs radar to monitor the road ahead of a vehicle, automatically adjusting that vehicle’ s speed to maintain a safe distance from the one in front. This is safer than manual driving because it reduces the system’ s reaction time from nearly a second (human) to practically instantaneous (machine) , thus helping to forestall shunts. But ACC may have a useful side-effect, arising from the fact that another effect of slow human reaction times is to produce traffic jams on apparently open roads.
Such jams start when a car slows suddenly to allow, for example, another vehicle to enter the traffic stream. Slow reaction times mean that instead of responding smoothly, the drivers behind such a vehicle often end up slamming on the brakes. That skimming propagates backwards, and before long (he traffic is at a standstill. So it makes sense that ACC would reduce not only collisions, but also congestion. What is unexpected is how few vehicles need to have it operating for all to benefit. As Craig Davis of the University of Michigan reports in Physical Review E, only 20% of cars need to employ ACC in order to present completely those jams that are caused by a slow lead car on a high-speed, single-lane road. According to Dr. Davis’ s computer model, even a rate of use of ACC as low as 13% can improve the flow of traffic significantly.
ACC is not a panacea. Dr. Davis got less promising results for more complex, road conditions, particularly those near junctions. And a .similar model built by Boris Kernel’, a researcher for Daimler Chrysler, in Stuttgart, Germany, indicates that in certain bottleneck conditions, ACC may even cause extra congestion. These disappointing results can, however, be ameliorated by shortening the "headway" in ACC-equipped vehicles, according to Martin. Treiber of the Dresden University of Technology’, also in Germany.
Headway is the gap, measured in seconds, that a driver puts between himself and the car ahead. Since ACC reacts more quickly than a human, people who have it fitted can afford to allow less headway.
Summary :
Stationary traffic can drive people mad. However, according to American and German researchers, adaptive cruise control (ACC) can help drivers take【71】. ACC adapts a car’s speed to keep a sale distance from the one ahead by using radar to monitor the road ahead. ACC is safer than manual driving because is significantly reduces the system’s【72】, and collisions and congestion in addition. According to Dr. Davis’ computer model, if【73】of cars use ACC, the flow of traffic can be improved significantly. However, ACC should not be seen as a panacea. In【74】conditions, it may even cause extra jams, according to a computer model. But this situation can be improved by reducing【75】in ACC-equipped vehicles.
选项
答案
headway
解析
(第四段,These disappointing results can,however,be ameliorated by shortening the“head—way”in ACC-equipped vehicles,即这些令人失望的表现可以通过简短ACC车辆的“headway”得以改善。ameliorate改善,改进。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jUyK777K
本试题收录于:
A类竞赛(研究生)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
A类竞赛(研究生)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
"Games,moviesandsoccerdonotnecessarilyhavetobetheonlythemesofastudent’sfour-yearexistence,"LiuZhenyuhashis
ThenumberofresidentswhosenativelanguageisnotEnglishhasrisen34%inthelasttenyearstoapproximately53million,ac
Whatwasthemangoingtodoaccordingtotheconversation?
DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquickly
FormanyyearsafterheformedhisTheoryofRelativity,AlbertEinsteinvisitedmanyuniversitiesindifferentcitieswherehe
-It’sbeenawonderfulday.-Yes,fantastic.We’vehadno______withanything.Everything’sbeenperfect.
AGUIDETOTOXICSINTHEHOMEThisfactsheetbringsgoodnews.Therearealternativesto"householdtoxics".Someofthesep
AGUIDETOTOXICSINTHEHOMEThisfactsheetbringsgoodnews.Therearealternativesto"householdtoxics".Someofthesep
AGUIDETOTOXICSINTHEHOMEThisfactsheetbringsgoodnews.Therearealternativesto"householdtoxics".Someofthesep
Inafamilywheretherolesofmenandwomenarenotsharplyseparatedandwheremanyhouseholdtasksaresharedtoagreateror
随机试题
哮病的发生为痰伏于肺,其诱因是下列哪项因素
手、足三阳经在头部的分布规律是()
施工组织设计分类主要三种___________、___________和___________。
根据《风景名胜区条例》的规定,在风景名胜区内从事禁止范围以外的建设活动,未经风景名胜区管理机构审核的,对单位处()的罚款。
凡经过注册会计师审计的会计报表,必须将审计报告和财务会计报告一并报送有关方面。()
市场环境分析的SWOT、方法中,S、W、O、T分别代表()
在房地产市场状况分析中,需求分析主要包括()。
下列项目中,属于A公司合并范围的有()。
生活中,一个好的心态,可以使你乐观豁达;一个好的心态,可以使你战胜面临的苦难;一个好的心态,可以使你淡泊名利,过上真正快乐的生活。人类几千年的文明史告诉我们,积极的心态能帮助我们获取健康、幸福和财富。以上这段文字告诉我们()。
设则f(x,y)在(0,0)处()。
最新回复
(
0
)