C公司生产中使用甲零件,全年共需耗用3600件,该零件既可自行制造也可外购取得。如果自制,单位制造成本为10元,每次生产准备成本34.375元,每日生产量32件。如果外购,购入单价为9.8元,从发出订单到货物到达需要10天的时间,一次订货成本为72元。外购

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问题 C公司生产中使用甲零件,全年共需耗用3600件,该零件既可自行制造也可外购取得。如果自制,单位制造成本为10元,每次生产准备成本34.375元,每日生产量32件。如果外购,购入单价为9.8元,从发出订单到货物到达需要10天的时间,一次订货成本为72元。外购零件时可能发生延迟交货,延迟的时间和概率如下:假设该零件的单位储存变动成本为4元,单位缺货成本为5元,一年按360天计算。建立保险储备时,最小增量为10件。要求计算并回答以下问题:
(1)假设不考虑缺货的影响,C公司自制与外购方案哪个成本低?
(2)假设考虑缺货的影响,C公司自制与外购方案哪个成本低?

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答案(1)外购相关总成本[*]=36720(元) 每13耗用量=3600/360=10(件) 自制相关总成本[*]外购方案的成本低。 (2)外购的经济订货批量=[*]=360(件) 每年订货次数=3600/360=10(次) 交货期内的平均每天需要量=3600/360=10(件) 如果延迟交货1天,则交货期为10+1=11(天),交货期内的需要量=11×10=110(件),概率为0.25;如果延迟交货2天,则交货期为10+2=12(天),交货期内的需要量=12×10=120(件), 概率为0.1;如果延迟交货3天,则交货期为10+3=13(天),交货期内的需要量=13×10=130(件),概率为0.05。 ①保险储备B=0时,再订货点R=10×10=100(件) S=(110—100)×0.25+(120一100)×0.1+(130—100)×0.05=6(件) TC(S,B)=6×5×10+0×4=300(元) ②保险储备B=10时,再订货点R=100+10=110(件) S=(120一110)×0.1+(130—110)×0.05=2(件) TC(S,B)=2×5×10+10×4=140(元) ③保险储备B=20时,再订货点R=100+20=120(件) S=(130—120)×0.05=0.5(件) TC(S,B)=0.5×5×10+20×4=105(元) ④保险储备B=30时,再订货点R=100+30=130(件) S0 TC(S,B)=30×4=120(元) 通过比较得出,最合理的保险储备为20件,再订货点为120件。 考虑缺货情况下,外购相关总成本=36720+105=36825(元),等于自制情况下相关总成本36825元。 English answers: (1)Cost related to external purchase=3600×9.8 +(2×3600×72×4)1/2=36720(Yuan) Daily consumption=3600/360=10 parts Cost related to self—production=3600×10+[2 ×3600×34.375×4×(1—10/32)]1/2=36825(Yuan) The cost of external purchase is lower. (2)Economic volume of external purchase=(2×3600×72/4)1/2=360 parts Annual order times=3600/360=10 times Average daily demand within delivery period=3600/360=10 parts If the delivery is delayed for 1 day.then the delivery period is 10+1=11 days,average daily demand within delivery period=11×10=110 parts,and its probability is 0.25. If the delivery is delayed for 2 day,then the delivery period is 10+2=12 days.average daily demand within delivery period=12×10=120 parts,and its probability is 0.1. If the delivery is delayed for 3 day,then the delivery period is 10+3=1 3 days,average daily demand within delivery period=13×10=120 parts,and its probability is 0.05. ①Insurance reserve at B=0,Re—order point R=10×10=100 parts S=(110—100)×0.25+(120一100)×0.1+(130—100)×0.05=6 parts TC(S,B)=6×5×10+0×4=300 Yuan ②Insurance reserve at B=10,Re—order point R=100+10=110 parts S=(120—110)×0.1+(130—1 10)×0.05=2 parts TC(S,B)=2×5×10+10×4=140(Yuan) ③Insurance reserve at B=20,Re—order point R=100+20=120 parts S=(130—120)×0.05=0.5 parts TC(S,B)=0.5×5×10+20×4=105(Yuan) ④Insurance reserve at B=30,Re—order point R=100+30=130 parts S=0 TC(S,B)=30×4=120(Yuan) The most reasonable insurance reserve is 20 and re——order point is 120 through comparison.If the circumstance of out of stock is considered,cost related to external purchase=36720+105=36825(Yuan)which is equal to the cost of self production.

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