首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
"Lost City" Explored Using High-Speed Networks Undersea exploration is now as close as the nearest computer. "Telepresence"
"Lost City" Explored Using High-Speed Networks Undersea exploration is now as close as the nearest computer. "Telepresence"
admin
2013-03-11
63
问题
"Lost City" Explored Using High-Speed Networks
Undersea exploration is now as close as the nearest computer. "Telepresence" (远程呈现) technology lets scientists -- and the public -- join expeditions without leaving dry land.
A just completed expedition to the Lost City, an unusual undersea vent formation in the Atlantic Ocean, showcased the technology. The project used a network of satellites and high-speed Internet access to connect participants across many miles of land and sea.
During the expedition undersea explorer Robert Ballard and the crew aboard the National Ocean ic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) research ship Ronald H. Brown were anchored above the Lost City site. Meanwhile co-chief scientist Debbie Kelley and her colleagues were some 4,500 miles (7,250 kilometers) away on the University of Washington campus in Seattle.
At launch on July 17 Ballard described the project as a "precedent-setting ocean expedition that raises the bar on use of communications technology."
"Normally on a deep-ocean expedition, I talk with the mission’s chief scientist across a table on the research vessel," he said. "In this case we talk across the planet."
Ballard’s Institute for Exploration (IFE) in Mystic, Connecticut, supplied its veteran robotic vehicles, Hercules and Argus, to do the diving. The robots sent high-resolution images taken some 2,100 feet (700 meters) below the surface to the Ronald H. Brown.
The images were transferred via satellite from the ship to receivers at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston. They were then sent across country to the team at the University of Washington.
All told, data from the Lost City travelled nearly 5,000 miles (8,050 kilometers) in less than two seconds.
Technology Boosts "Crew" Size, Expertise
Real-time deep-sea images have been beamed around the globe before. Ballard, who discovered the undersea wreck of the Titanic in 1985 ,returned to the site in 2004 and sent images to scientists at the University of Rhode Island.
But this time the lead scicentists directing the expedition’s research operations joined the dive virtually.
"We had a team of engineers and pilots who controlled the remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and were taking instructions at all times from the University of Washington ( science team)," Dwight Coleman said. Coleman is a professor of marine science at the University of Rhode Island and a colleague of Ballard’s at IFE.
Only so many people can live aboard a research ship. And although a large vessel may accommodate a science party of 30, half must be engineers who maintain and operate the ROVs.
The number of researchers is thus limited by ship space, as well as by scheduling, budgets, and other real-world concerns. Telepresence provides an intriguing(令人好奇的) solution.
"When you’re doing exploration, you’re never sure what expertise you’ll need, because you’re never sure what you’ll find," Coleman said. "This technology provides the capability to network in experts on a specific subject from around the world. You can invite everybody aboard the ship."
The technology seems to have a bright future. NOAA is converting a former U. S. Navy vessel, the U. S. N. S. Capable, into a research vessel dubbed the Okeanos Explorer (okeanos is the ancient Greek term for "ocean" ). The ship will be specially outfitted for future telepresence missions.
Of course, telepresence technology isn’t exactly like being at sea.
In her online expedition log, co-chief scientist Deborah Kelley described the nearly surreal scene as Hercules first touched bottom. Kelley and her science team watched the action via cameras carried by. Argus, hovering some 100 feet (30 meters) above the seafloor.
"This was a view like no other I had ever seen," she reported. "In the dark of the room at the UW with our first views of the bottom, I felt as if I was suddenly in the control room on the ship."
"Later, walking out into the !it hallway in Mary Gates Hall, I was struck by the sharp contrast of being immersed within the environment of an ocean 4,500 miles away and nearly one half mile [ 0.8 kilometers ] down and that of a sunny Seattle day with Mt. Rainier in full view."
A Natural Atlantis
The Lost City is an undersea hot spring region unlike any other known to science. Kelley and her team at the University of Washington discovered the region by accident during a manned submersible(能潜水的) expedition in 2000.
The site boasts dramatic, 90- to 200-foot-high (30- to 60-meter-high) carbonate "chimneys" that vent methane(沼气) and hydrogen-rich fluids. The pale towers, which host a great diversity of marine life, inspired the scientists to name their find after the mythical city of Atlantis.
The site resembles undersea vent systems found along ridges in the seafloor where tectonic (建造) plates are spreading apart.
Escaping hot volcanic gas at these vents creates a sunless but nutrient-rich environment that sup ports creatures such as tubeworms, mussels, shrimp, and large clams. The vents, first discovered nearly 30 years ago, changed scientific perspective on how and where life can exist on Earth.
The Lost City formation, found 9 miles ( 14 kilometers) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is the first evidence that other areas of the ocean could contain such ecosystems.
Using ROVs in addition to manned submersibles, the scientists hope to learn more about the type of organisms that can thrive near hydrothermal systems.
And thanks to telepresence technology, scientists weren’t the only ones who could join the most recent Lost City expedition from remote sites half a world away.
Immersion Presents, IFE’s sister organization, transferred live feeds and produced programs that allowed educators, Boys and Girls Clubs, museums, and libraries in the United States and Mexico to take part.
"We want to connect the general public to ocean exploration through satellite and Internet technology, "Coleman said.
In fact, the live views from Hercules and Argus were often available to anyone, anywhere in the world, who had an Internet connection via the Immersion Presents Web site.
Escaping hot volcanic gas at these vents results in a sunless but ______.
选项
答案
nutrient-rich environment
解析
该题很明显没有可定位词,但是通过阅读可以发现在第二个小标题下的第四段中可以看到Escaping hot volcanic gas at these vents creates a sunless but nutrient-rich environment...”所以答案就很明显了。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jau7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
______(让世界发展如此之快的)isthemodernscienceandtechnology.
Whilemorepeoplethaneverbeforearelearningforeignlanguagesinpublicand【B1】______institutions,therearethreestriking
Whilemorepeoplethaneverbeforearelearningforeignlanguagesinpublicand【B1】______institutions,therearethreestriking
A、Peoplewithlowincomes.B、Researchersexposedtoharmfulsubstances.C、Peoplehavingfamilyproblems.D、Peopleundertheage
A、Therisingpricestructureshouldbecontrolled.B、Rawmaterialcostsmorethanlabor’shighwages.C、Theeconomicnewsalways
TheUKhasawell-respectedhighereducationsystemandsomeofthetopuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsintheworld.Bu
Work-lifeBalance:WaystoRestoreHarmonyandReduceStressFindingwork-lifebalanceintoday’sfrenetically(疯狂)pacedwo
Whilepeoplemayrefertocomputerforup-to-the-minutenews,______(电脑完全取代报纸是不可能的
Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaply【C1】______toallof
HowtoEliminateCheatingonCampus?1.当前校园中存在许多作弊现象2.如何解决这一问题
随机试题
论述货币政策的主要措施。
下列哪些是肺痈的主要临床特征
A.Chareot三联征B.Whipple三联征C.Courvoisier征D.Reynolds五联征胰岛素瘤常有
工人在工作班内必需消耗的工作时间包括有效工作时间,休息和不可避免中断时间。有效工作时间是从生产效果来看与产品生产直接有关的时间消耗,包括基本工作时间、辅助工作时间、准备与结束工作时间。上述各类时间中与工作量大小成正比例的时间是()。
出口化妆品由( )实施检验,出境口岸检验检疫机构查验放行。
近日一项研究显示,男性与女性在视觉能力上有较大区别:女性在对颜色的识别上要强于男性,而男性的视觉优势则体现在对远处物体的细节敏感度以及对快速移动物体的追踪能力上。研究人员称,这种区别的出现是因为男性与女性长期社会分工角色的不同。以下哪项如果为真,最能支持上
在国际金融问题上进行协商与协作,促进国际货币合作;促进国际贸易的扩大和平衡发展;纠正国际收支的失调,而不采取危害本国或国际繁荣的措施,缩短成员国国际收支不平衡的时间,减轻不平衡的程度。以上是下列哪个国际组织的主要职能?()
WhatwillmostAmericansdowhentheyneedadvice?
【S1】【S8】
AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmil
最新回复
(
0
)