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  3. In the late 1860’s, industry in America grew rapidly. More factories meant more jobs. But working conditions were dangerous. Emp

In the late 1860’s, industry in America grew rapidly. More factories meant more jobs. But working conditions were dangerous. Emp

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问题     In the late 1860’s, industry in America grew rapidly. More factories meant more jobs. But working conditions were dangerous. Employees were forced to work as many as 16 hours a day in hot, dirty rooms. Children often worked alongside adults. Wages were usually very low.
    Workers tried to improve conditions by forming unions.  One of the first important unions was the Knights of Labor, formed in 1869. Blacks and women were welcomed as members. The Knights of Labor wanted an 8-hour workday, higher wages, and better working conditions. The union called for an end to the employment of children under age 14.
    Together with other unions, the Knights of Labor tried to make changes through collective bargaining. Union leaders would meet with employers and talk.  When collective bargaining failed, the unions resorted to strikes. When some strikes that the unions held turned violent, public opinion turned against them. Many members left the Knights of Labor, and by 1890 the union had died out.
    But other unions survived. The AF of L, American Federation of Labor, was formed in 1881. It continued to push for the goals set by the Knights of Labor. However, most federal laws protecting workers and outlawing child labor were not passed until the 1930’s.
选项 A、an 8-hour workday
B、higher wages
C、improving working conditions in the factories
D、an increase in the employment of small children
答案D
解析 本题属细节信息考查题。首先应抓住问题中的关键词，Knight of Labour wanted．．．EXCEPT。其中EXCEPT最为关键，忽略了它便会得出完全相反的答案。然后还需了解各选项中的关键信息。从第2段中不难发现A、B、C各项内容含在第3句里面。第4句called for an end to the．．．却与D项信息相反，因此D项属EXCEPT之列。
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