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  3. In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

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问题     In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of reading poetry aloud or giving speeches.
    In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made special study of the subject. This custom still exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctorate(博士学位).
    Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
    One type of test is sometimes called an " objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and another three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
It may be concluded that testing________.
选项 A、should test only opinions
B、should always be written
C、has changed
D、is given only in factories
答案C
解析 根据文章内容可知，在古代，考试主要采取口试的形式，在中世纪的欧洲大学中，学生要与专业人士讨论他们所学领域的问题；随着人口的大幅增长和现代工业的发展，直到19世纪笔试才为人们所知，并且笔试逐渐成为广泛应用的考试类型，考试开始有了时间、监考等方面的规定；最后一段还具体介绍了一种名为“客观测验”的考试。由此可推知，考试已经发生了变化。A、B、D三项均不能从文中推断出来。故选C。
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