首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
•Look at the statements below and the five extracts from an article about "Dilution" of control inward and outward. •Which artic
•Look at the statements below and the five extracts from an article about "Dilution" of control inward and outward. •Which artic
admin
2010-01-28
64
问题
•Look at the statements below and the five extracts from an article about "Dilution" of control inward and outward.
•Which article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1—8 refer to?
•For each statement 1—8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.
•You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
A
One dimension of loss of control in management might be labeled "inward", toward computers, via artificial intelligence and greater sophistication in general. In this ever more pervasive environment, control flows not toward subordinates or teams, but toward electronics. Circuits, memory, and software seem to replace what is in a manager’s head. One specific example might be the confrontations between man and’ electronics in chess matches. Granted, winning at chess does not have to mean that "the machines are taking over" any more than cloning a sheep automatically presages doing so with people. Nevertheless, these events should provoke serious thought. In 1997, an IBM computer called "Deep Blue" was pitted against world champion Gary Kasparov and beat him in a majority of matches, although earlier in the year the reverse was true. Nagging questions arise.. Can the creation surpass the creator? Are humans kidding themselves by thinking they will always be "smarter than the machine"?
B
Management, of course, represents only one part of society, but such questions are relevant here too. Programmed decision-making is likely to broaden; inevitably, some would say. One reason is, simply, "What can be done will be done." Another is that this is essentially applying technology to what management has always been advised to do: set policies. Once made, "generic" decisions can be efficient time-savers. One "maxi-decision" can replace repetitive, similar "mini-decisions". However, both people and situations are infinitely variable. Is it possible to anticipate everything, even with sophisticated software deploying gigabytes of memory and the ability to "learn" by past mistakes? It will not happen overnight, but the potential clearly exists.
C
In addition to a threatened loss of control inward, other threats have also developed, all oriented "outward". One example is outsourcing in general, and using temporary employment agencies in particular. By trying to reduce costs, companies have discovered that letting specializing firms perform certain work can increase efficiency. Often they can remove a substantial work burden and save money at the same time, such as with the initial screening of job applicants. Regardless of advantages, however, if such efforts are not done well and monitored closely, they risk entropy and decrease management control.
D
Temporary employment, or "temp" agencies can involve similar advantages and risks. Because people employed this way are often paid less, have less generous benefits, and are less likely to have union membership security, their services can be obtained at substantial cost savings to employers. One risk here is displaced loyalty. Because control follows the dollar, and because temp workers are paid directly by the temp agency, problems can be encountered. Even among permanent workers, employee loyalty is said to be weaker today than earlier. Though not inevitable, a danger exists because a more tenuous relationship is present when a firm employs people only temporarily. Less loyalty, with all the inherent implications, can again mean less management control.
E
Telecommuting has become another potential challenge to management control. Work formerly done at the office is now done at home, on the road, at satellite offices or at dedicated neighborhood facilities typically shared by employees of several firms. Working at home can have many advantages. However, a disadvantage not yet fully appreciated is how remote control of employees working at widely scattered locations is likely to affect managing. "Remote" can be interpreted as outward migration of the essential control function. "Outward" in turn, can easily translate into "less" or at least "more difficult". Supervision at a distance, even with instant communication, can require more skills than when employees are physically observable.
Temp workers in companies are paid less and given less benefit than permanent employees.
选项
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jvKd777K
本试题收录于:
BEC高级阅读题库BEC商务英语分类
0
BEC高级阅读
BEC商务英语
相关试题推荐
Inthispartofthetest,youareaskedtogiveashorttalkonabusinesstopic.YouhavetochooseoneofthetopicsfrOmtheth
Inthispartofthetest,youareaskedtogiveashorttalkonabusinesstopic.Youhavetochooseoneofthetopicsfromthe
FinancialManagement:theimportanceofmaintainingfinancialcontrolacrossalldepartments
Practisediscussingthistask,andthequestionswhichfollowit,withapartner:STAFFTRAININGREVIEWTheorganisationyouwor
TaskOne-Job•Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththepeople,listedA-H.•Foreachextract,choosethejobeachsp
•Readthetextbelowaboutthelogistics.•Inmostofthelines41-52thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyinco
•Readthetextbelowaboutthelogistics.•Inmostofthelines41-52thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyinco
•Readthetextbelowaboutthelogistics.•Inmostofthelines41-52thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyinco
•Readthetextbelowaboutthelogistics.•Inmostofthelines41-52thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyinco
•Readthetextbelowabouttelevisionnetwork.•Inmostofthelines41—52thereistoneextraword.Itiseithergrammatically
随机试题
A.单体酶B.单纯酶C.结合酶D.寡聚酶仅具有三级结构的酶是
血管紧张素转换酶抑制药的不良反应不包括
急性肺脓肿抗菌治疗的疗程是
会计档案销毁后,应由()在销毁清册上签名或盖章。
甲集团由甲公司(系上市公司)和乙公司组成,甲公司为乙公司的母公司。2013年1月1日,经股东大会批准,甲公司与甲公司100名高级管理人员和乙公司20名高级管理人员签署股份支付协议。协议规定:①甲公司向集团120名高级管理人员每人授予10万份股票期权,行权条
一张足够大的白纸折叠51次,比地球到太阳的距离还长,而51张白纸叠加在一起,厚度却很小。你怎么看?
在中国传统观念中,雕塑一直未被看作是与绘画同等的艺术形式;在中国传统学术中,也只有“画学”而没有“雕塑学”。历史上的这种不重视,造成19世纪末20世纪初,大量具有极高史料研究价值的石雕作品流失海外。而今天,新兴收藏家们的目光也只停留在艺术品的财富表象上,因
每年三月某单位都要组织员工去A、B两地参加植树活动。已知去A地每人往返车费20元,人均植树5棵,去B地每人往返车费30元,人均植树3棵。设到A地员工有x人,A、B两地共植树y棵,y与x之间满足y=8x一15。若往返车费总和不超过3000元,那么,最多可植树
窗体上有一个名称为Command1的命令按钮,事件过程如下:PrivateSubCommand1_Click() Dimarr_x(5,5)AsInteger Fori=1To3 Forj=2To4 ar
A、Thetwostadiumsareverymuchalike.B、Therewillbenomoregameastheirteamhaslost.C、Itmakesnodifferencesincethei
最新回复
(
0
)