(2013年下半年上午试题71~75) There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy.--SWIFT Project after project designs a set

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问题 (2013年下半年上午试题71~75)
    There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy.--SWIFT
    Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built.
    In most projects,the first system built is_____【C1】usable.It may be too slow,too big.awkward to use,or all three.There is no______【C2】but to start again,smarting but smarter.And build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved.The discard and______【C3】may be done in one lump,or It may be done piece-by-piece.But all large-system experience shows that it will be done.Where a new system concept or new technology is used,one has to build a system to throw away,for even the best planning is not so omniscient(全知的)as to get it right the first time.
    The management question,therefore,is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away.You will do that.The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a ______【C4】,or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers.Seen this way,the answer is much clearer.Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time,but it does so only at the ______【C5】 of agony(极大痛苦)for the user,distraction for the builders while they do the redesign,and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.
  Hence plan to throw one away;you will,anyhow.
【C1】

选项 A、almost
B、often
C、usually
D、barely

答案D

解析 参考译文:除无常外,世间无恒久之事。——斯威夫特
  软件项目开发是设计一套算法,然后按照时间表构建一套可交付给用户的软件,而这一时间表通常是要求交付一套该软件的最早版本。
    在大部分项目中,早期的系统版本仅可实现其基本功能。它可能会太慢、太庞大、不好用,或三者都有。但我们没有必要重新设计一个新的系统,可以通过对初始版本进行升级,来解决上述问题。抛弃原系统并构建升级版本可一次完成,也可以逐步完成。有经验的大型系统项目都会这样做。在一个新的系统设计或者应用新技术的情形中,必须不断更新原来的系统,即使做了最好的计划也不可能第一次就搞定。
    因此,管理问题就在于是否建立一个一次性的试验系统。你会这么做的。这样做的唯上问题是,是否要提前规划来搭建一个一次性的产品,或承诺将该一次性产品交付给客户。这样看来,答案就会变得更为清晰。将该一次性产品交付给客户会赢得时间,但对于使用者将会带来无法估计的痛苦,对于设计者来说当他们重新设计时会产生焦急的情绪,同时,会给产品带来坏的口碑,这会导致即使升级版本再完美,也难以生存。
    所以,无论如何你都要丢掉一次性解决问题的想法。
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