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  3. It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering th

It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering th

admin2015-03-25  69
问题     It’s a common belief that women take fewer risks than men, and that adolescents always plunge in headlong without considering the consequences. But the reality of who takes risks is actually a bit more complicated, according to the authors of a new paper which will be published in the August issue of Current Directions in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Adolescents can be as cool-headed as anyone, and in some realms, women take more risks than men.
    A lot of what psychologists know about risk-taking comes from lab studies where people are asked to choose between a guaranteed amount of money or a gamble for a larger amount. But that kind of decision isn’t the same as deciding whether you’re going to speed on the way home from work, or go bungee jumping. Research in the last 10 years or so has found that the way people choose to take risks in one domain doesn’t necessarily hold in other domains.
    " The typical view is that women take less risks than men, that it starts early in childhood, in all cultures, and so on," says Bernd Figner of Columbia University and the University of Amsterdam, who cowrote the paper with Elke Weber of Columbia University. The truth is more complicated. Men are willing to take more risks in finances. But women take more social risks—a category that includes things like starting a new career in your mid-thirties or speaking your mind about an unpopular issue in a meeting at work.
    It seems that this difference is because men and women perceive risks differently. That difference in perception may be partly because of how familiar they are with different situations, Figner says. "If you have more experience with a risky situation, you may perceive it as less risky. " Differences in how boys and girls encounter the world as they’re growing up may make them more comfortable with different kinds of risks.
    Adolescents are known for risky behavior. But in lab tests, when they’re called on to think coolly about a situation, psychological scientists have found that adolescents are just as cautious as adults and children. The difference between the lab and the real world, Figner says, is partly the extent to which they involve emotion. In an experiment where adolescents’ emotions got triggered strongly, they looked very different from children and adults and took bigger risks, just as observed in real world settings.
    "Ultimately we would like to provide knowledge with our research that people can use to make decisions that are more beneficial for them in the long term," Figner says. The goal isn’t to avoid risk, of course—stepping out the front door in the morning increases your chance of getting run over by a bus. But by understanding when and how people decide to take risks, he hopes to help people make risky decisions that they won’t regret, either immediately after they have made them, or years later.
Women tend to take more risks when they are asked to
选项 A、gamble on money.
B、face unknown dangers.
C、go bungee jumping.
D、express themselves in public.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。由题干关键词women take more risks定位到第三段最后一句：但是，女人在社会话题上会冒更多的险，例如在30岁多时开启新事业，在工作会议中提及一项并不受欢迎的议题等。可见，当要求她们在公众场合表达观点时，女人会更爱冒险，故[D]符合文意。该段第三句提到，男人在经济上比女人愿意承受更多的风险，可见，女人对钱并不爱冒险，故排除[A]；第四段第三句提到当人们对风险情形有更多的经验时，就会认为它风险不大，可见人们对未知的风险还是较为敬畏的，故排除[B]；第二段第二句提到蹦极，但作者是为了说明选择在一个领域冒险的人并不一定会在其他领域冒险，并未指出女人在蹦极时更爱冒险，故排除[C]。
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