2. 外语
  3. Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Beha

Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Beha

admin2010-03-26  30
问题     Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between action and their 【B1】______ , argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive (认知学派的) researchers, who study various 【B2】______ of mental life maintain that rewards often 【B3】______ creativity by encouraging dependence on 【B4】______ and gifts from others.
    The latter view has 【B5】______ many supporters, especially among educators. But careful use of small monetary rewards 【B6】______ creativity in grade-school children suggesting that 【B7】______ presented inducements(刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June 【B8】______ of Personality and Social Psychology.
    "If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively tough task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaw in Newark. "But 【B9】______
    A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, 【B10】______
    In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, 【B11】______ , shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
【B10】
选项
答案he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grades standards and restore failing grades
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/k6k7777K
0

大学英语四级

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)