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  3. In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、

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问题 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B、C、D、E、F、G……) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points)

    Policy-makers and the media, particularly in the United States, frequently assert that climate science is highly uncertain. Some have used this as an argument against adopting strong measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, while discussing a major U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report on the risks of climate change, then EPA administrator Christine Whitman argued, "As the report went through review, there was less consensus on the science and conclusions on climate change". Some corporations whose revenues might he adversely affected by controls on carbon dioxide emissions have also alleged major uncertainties in the science. (41)______.
    The scientific consensus is clearly expressed in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Programme, IPCC’s purpose is to evaluate the state of climate science as a basis for informed policy action, primarily on the basis of peer-reviewed and published scientific literature.
In its most recent assessment, IPCC states unequivocally that the consensus of scientific opinion is that Earth’s climate is being affected by human activities: "Human activities...are modifying the concentration of atmospheric constituents...that absorb or scatter radiant energy....Most of the ob served warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations".
    IPCC is not alone in its conclusions. (42)______. For example, the National Academy of Sciences report, Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, begins: "Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise". The report explicitly asks whether the IPCC assessment is a fair summary of professional scientific thinking, and answers yes. (43)______.
    Others agree. The American Meteorological Society, the American Geophysical Union, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) all have issued statements in recent years concluding that the evidence for human modification of climate is compelling.
    The drafting of such reports and statements involves many opportunities for comment, criticism, and revision, and it is not likely that they would diverge greatly from the opinions of the societies’ members. Nevertheless, they might downplay legitimate dissenting opinions. (44)______.
    The 928 papers were divided into six categories: explicit endorsement of the consensus position, evaluation of impacts, mitigation proposals, methods, paleoclimate analysis, and rejection of the consensus position. Of all the papers, 75% fell into the first three categories, either explicitly or implicitly accepting the consensus view; 25% dealt with methods or paleoclimate, taking no position on current anthropogenic climate change. Remarkably, none of the papers disagreed with the consensus position.
    (45)______.
This analysis shows that scientists publishing in the peer-reviewed literature agree with IPCC, the National Academy of Sciences, and the public statements of their professional societies. Politicians, economists, journalists, and others may have the impression of confusion, disagreement, or discord among climate scientists, but that impression is incorrect.

A. Many details about climate interactions are not well understood, and there are ample grounds for continued research to provide a better basis for understanding climate dynamics.
B. Such statements suggest that there might be substantive disagreement in the scientific community about the reality of anthropogenic climate change. This is not the case.
C. In recent years, all major scientific bodies in the United States whose members’ expertise bears directly on the matter have issued similar statements.
D. Admittedly, authors evaluating impacts, developing methods, or studying paleoclimatic change might believe that current climate change is natural. However, none of these papers argued that point.
E. That hypothesis was tested by analyzing 928 abstracts, published in referent scientific journals between 1993 and 2003, and listed in the ISI database with the keywords "climate change".
F. If the history of science teaches anything, it is humility, and no one can be faulted for failing to act on what is not known.
G. The IPCC’s conclusion that most of the observed warming of the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations accurately reflects the current thinking of the scientific community on this issue.

选项
答案E
解析 本题位于第五段段末。该段提到起草这些报告的过程会遇到许多评论、批评、修改，但是最终不会与这些机构的专家们的看法相差太远。然而，这些报告可能不会理会一些反对意见。浏览一下第六段，可以看出是对928篇论文的介绍，从后面可以看出这里是将人们的观点分成了六类：接受IPCC观点的…反对该观点的。因此本题所在处的内容应该与人们对IPCC结论的观点和下文中的论文有关。E项中的That hypothesis正是对前面的观点"科学界对该项结论观点较一致"的总结，因为还没有经过论证，因此称为"假设"。而928 abstracts与第六段中的928 papers内容重复，为词汇复现，可见该项为答案。
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