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  3. Depression is one of the dark demons (恶魔) of adolescence. Up to 1 in 12 American teenagers is affected, according to the Nationa

Depression is one of the dark demons (恶魔) of adolescence. Up to 1 in 12 American teenagers is affected, according to the Nationa

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问题     Depression is one of the dark demons (恶魔) of adolescence. Up to 1 in 12 American teenagers is affected, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and three times as many will experience depression at some point by age 18. Studies show that at least 20% of teenagers with clinical depression will go on to develop chronic cases that will haunt them throughout adulthood.
    It’s no wonder, then, that researchers are beginning to focus on preventing teenage depression in the first place. A new study in the current issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) is the largest to date showing that a relatively modest intervention goes a long way to prevent episodes of depression in high-risk teens.
    The study involved 316 adolescents, ages 13 to 17, in four cities. All of the teenagers had a history of depression or current symptoms that just fell short of a clinical diagnosis. The teens also had at least one parent who had been diagnosed with depression.
    Half the teenagers were randomly assigned to a prevention program that consisted of eight weekly group sessions of cognitive behavioral instruction (CB) lasting 90 minutes each, plus six follow-up sessions that met once a month. The other half of the volunteers were assigned to a control group that got "usual care," meaning they were free to seek help from whatever resources were available to them in their community—as were the teens in the experimental group. There were no differences between the groups in terms of the types of services they chose on their own.
    The teenagers were followed for nine months. Less than a quarter (21.4%) of those in the CB program went on to have an episode of depression, compared with about a third (32.7%) of those in the control group. The results were far more dramatic for teens whose parents were not actively suffering from depression only 11.7% who went through the program had an episode of depression during the nine-month follow-up.
    The CB sessions focused on teaching the kids to think more realistically—and less catastrophically— about their problems and experiences. "We hope that the program will not only prevent depression, but also the impairments associated with it," says Judy Garber, professor of psychology and human development at Vanderbilt University. "We will be looking at alcohol and drug use, eating problems, anxiety and behavior problems and performance in school."
    The researchers will also examine what can be done for the adolescents whose parents are in the grips of depression: this subset (子集), which was 45% of the participants, did not benefit significantly from the cognitive behavioral program. "It’s awfully hard to change your thinking habits if a parent is depressed and everything is so messed up around you," observes Clarke. Future studies, says Garber, will look at whether treating the parent for depression makes a difference.
Clarke is most likely to agree that the thinking habits of the teenagers in the "subset" are made by_____.
选项 A、heredity
B、environment
C、parents’ cognitive instructions
D、parents’ behavioral instructions
答案B
解析 该段第2句中的条件从句if a parent…around you表明了孩子思维习惯的形成是源于父母和周围环境的影响，即B“环境”的影响为本题答案。
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