首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in t
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in t
admin
2009-02-10
55
问题
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of !and, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well being.
In the Renaissance, it was______ that greatly expand literacy.
选项
A、the religious reforms
B、the translation and popularization of the Bible
C、the availability of printing technology and cheap paper
D、the renovations of the teaching methods
答案
C
解析
意为:“印刷技术和进步和纸张的便宜”。第四段实际上谈的也是文艺复兴时期文化的进步,众所周知,文艺复兴时期欧洲的文化获得空前的普及和提高。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/kP6K777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
PhysicalEducationI.BriefintroductionofthecoursesA.PhysicalFitnessInstructors—six-monthcertificateB.SportsAdmini
Beyonddemographics,theUnitedStatesconfrontswitharangeofother【M1】______challenges.Globalizationisonthetopoftha
Since,wearetold,80to90percentofallinstructioninthetypicaluniversityisbythelecturemethod,weshouldgiveclos
Duringthepastquartercenturythepowerformantoalterthenatureofhisworldhasnotonlybeenincreasedtooneofdisturb
Accordingtoarecentsurvey,morethan50%ofAmericansisconcerned【M1】______aboutthegrowingrudenessintheU.S.Weass
It’shardtomissthem:theepitomeofcasual"geekchic"andorganizedwithinthewarrantyoftheirPalmPilots,theysiplabor
(1)Saintsshouldalwaysbejudgedguiltyuntiltheyareprovedinnocent,buttheteststhathavetobeappliedtothemareno
(1)Vibrationsinthegroundareapoorlyunderstoodbutprobablywidespreadmeansofcommunicationbetweenanimals.(2)In
A、Theybothhavealonghistory.B、Theybothhaveagreatinfluenceonsociety.C、Theyarebothfunnysubjects.D、Theyareboth
PassageTwo(1)Scientist,engineer,musicianandgreatartist,LeonardodaVinciisthearchetypalRenaissanceman.Thisu
随机试题
Socialsciencehasweighedinonthe"tigermom"debate,anditlookslikeeveryoneisright:Bothover-protectiveandlaid-back
性别角色行为
A.AS-NAE染色呈阳性,且被NaF抑制B.PAS染色红系呈强阳性反应C.AS-D-NCE染色呈阳性D.POX多呈阴性反应,PAS反应产物为红色粗颗粒状或块状,底色不红E.ACP染色呈阳性,且不被L-酒石酸抑制急性粒细胞白血病可见
某猪场的商品猪群突发高热、皮肤发绀、结膜炎;初期便秘,后发生腹泻;病猪行动呆滞、有的后肢麻痹;公猪包皮内有恶臭的浑浊液体;死亡猪剖检可见全身淋巴结肿大出血、肾脏有密集出血点。如进行动物接种试验,应选择的动物是
中度脱水的失水量占体重的
2009年3月,周、吴、郑、王以普通合伙企业形式开办一家湘菜馆。2010年7月,吴某因车祸死亡,其妻欧某为唯一继承人。在下列哪些情形中,欧某不能通过继承的方式取得该合伙企业的普通合伙人资格?()
IPv6的主要优势体现在()。
旅游社应当将安全信息卡交由旅行者随身携带,并告知其自行填写(),过敏药物和重大疾病等信息。
根据我国《宪法》的规定,可以提出宪法修改有效议案的主体是()。
计算机执行程序所需的时间P可用P=I*CPI*T来估计,其中I是程序经编译后的机器指令数,CPI是执行每条指令所需的平均机器周期数,T为每个机器周期的时间。RISC计算机采用(13)来提高机器的速度,它的指令系统具有(14)的特点。指令控制部件的构建,(1
最新回复
(
0
)