首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in t
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in t
admin
2009-02-10
47
问题
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of !and, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well being.
In the Renaissance, it was______ that greatly expand literacy.
选项
A、the religious reforms
B、the translation and popularization of the Bible
C、the availability of printing technology and cheap paper
D、the renovations of the teaching methods
答案
C
解析
意为:“印刷技术和进步和纸张的便宜”。第四段实际上谈的也是文艺复兴时期文化的进步,众所周知,文艺复兴时期欧洲的文化获得空前的普及和提高。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/kP6K777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
PhysicalEducationI.BriefintroductionofthecoursesA.PhysicalFitnessInstructors—six-monthcertificateB.SportsAdmini
A、Socialinteraction.B、Humansociety.C、Cross-countryrelationship.D、Economicrelationship.A细节题。当谈到社会学的基本概念时,受访者说:Socialinte
Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?OnereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmanyAmericanshavebeenstagnantorfa
Wearelivinginwhatwecallthesecondgreatchangeinthestateofman.Thefirstisthechangefrompre-civilizedtocivili
Wearelivinginwhatwecallthesecondgreatchangeinthestateofman.Thefirstisthechangefrompre-civilizedtocivili
Thetendencynowadaystowanderinwildernessesisdelightfultosee.Thousandsoftired,nerve-shaking,over-civilizedpeoplea
SowhydoItalkaboutthebenefitsoffailure?Simplybecausefailuremeantastrippingawayoftheinessential.Istoppedpret
CommunicationcomesfromtheLatincornrnunis,common.Whenwecommunicatewearetryingtoestablisha"commonness"withsomeon
Ingeneralterms,thegreenhouseeffect,whichhasbeenstudiedwithwaryandkeeninterestforaslongasacentury,hastodo
What’sthematterwiththeman?
随机试题
________,梨花一枝春带雨。
具有祛痰功效的药物是具有利尿功效的药物是
七情影响脏腑气机,喜则
血气胸患者行闭式胸腔引流术,开胸探查的指征是
舢板、木筏、浮筒在流速()时,不宜使用其进行水上作业。
我国现行的“建设工程工程量清单计价规范”(GB50500—2008)中所采用的单价是()。
【真题(初级)】直接金融借助于直接金融工具完成,下列属于直接金融工具的有()。
儿童身高和体重增长最为快速的时期是()
甲将其装有1万元现金的行李箱寄存在火车站“小件寄存处”,但在寄存时未告知内有现金,甲取包时发现该包已被人取走,甲要求寄存处赔偿。寄存处应如何赔偿甲的损失?()
联欢晚会上,小李表演了一段京剧,老张夸奖道:“小李京剧表演得那么好,他一定是个北方人。”以下哪项是老张的话不包含的意思?
最新回复
(
0
)