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  3. Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【C1】______worlds, while dur

Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【C1】______worlds, while dur

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问题     Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and【C1】______worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term "reading" 【C2】______ meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of 【C3】______that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 【C4】______to others. Examination of factors related to the 【C5】______development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in【C6】______.
    The last century saw a steady gradual increase in【C7】______, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 【C8】______, and thus there was some【C9】______in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a【C10】______activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 【C11】______distraction to other readers.
    Towards the end of the century there was still【C12】______argument over whether books should be used for information or treated【C13】______, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way【C14】______weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, 【C15】______ its advantages, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 【C16】______ by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a【C17】______ readership on the other.
    By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 【C18】______not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 【C19】______what the term "reading"【C20】______.
【C17】
选项 A、specific
B、special
C、specified
D、specialized
答案D
解析 考查形近词辨析。specific“明确的，确切的”；special“特别的，特殊的，专门的”；specified“明确规定的”；specialized“专门的，专业的”。readership是一个抽象的概念，指“读者的身份”。选项中可修饰这个词的只有specialized，意为“专业化的”，因此选D．specialized。
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