The canyons of America’s Southwest are deep ancient openings in the earth. They look as if they formed as the earth split apart.

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问题     The canyons of America’s Southwest are deep ancient openings in the earth. They look as if they formed as the earth split apart. But the canyons did not split. They were cut by rivers. The rivers carried earth and pieces of stone and slowly ate away at the surrounding rock. For millions of years, the rivers turned and pushed. They cut deeper and deeper into the earth. They left pathway of great rocky openings in the earth that extend for hundreds of kilometers.
    The Grand Canyon in Arizona is one of the largest and most beautiful of all canyons. It extends 450 kilometers. The surrounding area does not make you suspect the existence of such a great opening in the earth. You come upon the Canyon suddenly when you reach its edge, then you are looking at a land like nothing else in the world.
    Walls of rocks fall away sharply at your feet. In some places the Canyon walls are more than a kilometer deep. Far below is the dark, turning line of the Colorado River. On the other side sunshine lights up the naked rock walls in red, orange and gold. The bright colors are the result of minerals in the rocks. Their appearance changes endlessly with the light, the time of year and the weather. Upon sunset, when the sun has moved across the sky, the Canyon walls give up their firing reds and golds. They take on quieter colors: blue, purple and green.

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答案 位于美国西南部众多的峡谷是地球上远古时代留下来的深沟。这些深沟看上去像是地球裂开形成的,但实际上并非如此,它们由河流冲刷而成。河流带走泥土和碎石,并逐逝侵蚀河岸边的岩石。在数百万年间,这些河流迂回奔流,把河床冲击得越来越深,在地表留下深邃的延绵数百千米的沟痕。 亚利桑那州的大峡谷是最大和最壮观的峡谷之一,总长450千米。大峡谷的周边地区并不会让你感到地球上会有如此大的深沟存在。当你来到峡谷边缘的时候,你才会突然发现大峡谷。这时,你可以看见世界上绝无仅有的一片土地。 你脚下是陡峭的岩壁,有的地方峡谷的岩壁超过1千米深。底下很远的地方才看得见模糊的、弯弯绕绕的科罗拉多河。阳光照亮对面裸露的岩壁,映出红色、橙色和金色。这些明亮的色彩是岩石中的矿物质所致。这些色彩因光线的强弱、季节的不同和天气的变换而变幻无穷。当太阳移过天空而接近黄昏时,峡谷岩壁上的火红和金黄色渐渐褪去,取而代之的是更为柔和的色彩:蓝色、紫色和绿色。

解析     美国最壮观、最著名的国家公园也许是位于亚利桑那州的大峡谷,它沿科罗拉多河绵延450千米,游人可以用各种不同的方式欣赏这一美景。他们可以站在边缘上观看峡谷,可以走进峡谷,也可以乘直升机或小型飞机飞越峡谷上空,还可以在由岩石构成的湍急的科罗拉多河中乘船游览。大峡谷既大又深,宁静而安详。有些游人感慨地说,大峡谷使他们感到自己在自然界中所处的位置是何等的渺小。
The canyons of America’s Southwest are deep ancient openings in the earth:译为“位于美国西南部众多的峡谷是地球上远古时代留下来的深沟”。注意形容词“ancient”的处理,这里需适当增词,译成“远古时代留下的”。
split apart:裂开。
They were cut by rivers:汉语里即使出现被动结构,也往往避免直接用“被……”,译为“它们由河流冲刷而成”。
pieces of stone:碎石。
eat away:译为“侵蚀”。“eat”表示“destroy as if by eating(侵蚀;蛀蚀)”。例如,He is eaten up with pride.(他被骄傲冲昏了头脑。)/The river had eaten away the banks.(河水侵蚀了两岸。)/The moths have eaten holes in my coat.(蛀虫将我的上衣蛀了一些小洞。)
the rivers turned and pushed:中文惯用四字格的形式,故译为“这些河流迂回奔流”。
They cut deeper and deeper into the earth:根据上下文,此处“cut”可表达为“冲刷”,故译为“把河床冲击得越来越深”。
They left pathway of great rocky openings in the earth:译为“在地表留下深深的延绵数百千米的沟痕”。其中“opening”表示“open space;way in or out(口;穴;孔;洞;通路)”。例如,an opening in a hedge(篱笆上的一个洞口)。这里“rocky openings”指“沟痕”。
Arizona:亚利桑那州。亚利桑那州是第48个加入美国联邦的州,位于美国的西南方。该州的地理基本上可分为3部分:科罗拉多高原、高山地区和沙漠地区。此州中最富盛名的地理景观是大峡谷国家公园。另外,还有许多国家森林、公园和纪念地等,亦有许多印第安保留区。
come upon the Canyon suddenly:译为“突然发现大峡谷”,其中“come upon somebody/something”意同“come across”,表示“find or meet by chance(偶然遇见或发现)”。例如,I came upon this old brooch in a curio shop.(我在一家古玩店里偶然发现了这支古老的胸针。)
like nothing else:意为“与其他任何东西都不相同”,可译为“绝无仅有的”或“独一无二的”。
Walls of rocks fall away sharply at your feet:  “walls of rocks”、  “walls”和“rock walls”均表示“岩壁”。“Wall”表示“something suggesting or resembling a wall(似墙之物)”。另例,a wall of Fire(一道似墙的火;火墙)/a mountain wall(山壁)/the walls of the chest(胸壁)。故译为“你脚下是陡峭的岩壁”。
the Colorado River:科罗拉多河。它是美国西南方、墨西哥西北方的河流。长度大约有2333公里,有一部分在美国落基山脉区域西边消失。整个科罗拉多河河系大部分流入了加利福尼亚湾,是加州淡水的主要来源,另一部分则往南流向墨西哥,但没有出海。
Their appearance changes endlessly with the light,the time of year and the weather:词组“change…with…”表示“随着/因……而改变”。故译为“这些色彩因光线的强弱、季节的不同和天气的变幻而变幻无穷”。
take on quieter colors:译为“取而代之的是更为柔和的色彩”。其中“take on”表示“put on (a quality,appearance)(表现)”。例如,The chameleon can take on the colors of its background.(变色蜥蜴可现出与其背景相同的颜色。)“quieter colors”是与前文的“firing reds(火红)”和“golds(金黄色)”相比而言,故译为“更为柔和的色彩”。
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