首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Passage Four (1) Those setting migration policy in rich countries face an almost impossible task. The demands of demograph
Passage Four (1) Those setting migration policy in rich countries face an almost impossible task. The demands of demograph
admin
2022-10-07
42
问题
Passage Four
(1) Those setting migration policy in rich countries face an almost impossible task. The demands of demography and economics—shrinking and ageing workforces, a growing shortage of people to fill jobs requiring both high and low skills, and increasingly flexible and open economies—all point to more migration. On the other hand, voters in many rich countries seem increasingly hostile to immigration, which suggests that politicians may find it more and more difficult to allow immigration to continue at its current high level.
(2) If only there were some means of getting all the benefits of migration but none of the costs. That is the thinking behind the latest solution now being promoted; circular migration. Europe’s commissioner for justice and home affairs, Franco Frattini, wants to see more temporary migrants in the E. U. For the highly skilled, he suggests a blue card (similar to America’s green one) to ease the temporary entry of professionals and their families into Europe. Foreign workers with the most skills make up just 1. 7% of the workforce, about half the rate in America and far less than in Canada or Australia, and competition for them is getting more intense as some of the brightest head to Asia. A blue card would at least make it clear to migrant professionals that they would be welcome. On the other hand, highly skilled workers go in search of dynamic economies, along with the high pay and bright careers they offer, and a blue card would do nothing to bring more dynamism to Europe.
(3) What of the less skilled? Mr. Frattini points to a pilot project in Spain over the past two years in which Moroccans—especially women—have been brought in to do specific jobs on farms and in hotels for a few months at a time and then sent home again. Contracts are drawn up beforehand, travel is part-funded by the E. U. , everything is above board, and so far every migrant has gone back as agreed. As a result, 10,000 Moroccan workers did not have to run the risk of taking a patera across the Strait of Gibraltar. They were able to send remittances home but put no strain on Spain’s public services. If the projects work, Mr. Frattini would like to scale them up, with member countries eventually setting import quotas for foreign labour.
(4) But this part of what Mr. Frattini and others call circular migration has been tried before and seems unlikely to bring the hoped-for benefits. Germany’s Gastarbeiter scheme began in 1955, drawing workers first from southern Europe and north Africa and then Turkey. Something similar was done in France and the Netherlands.
(5) The trouble is that such a dirigiste design is not well suited to today’s liberal democracies and their flexible labour markets. And unless schemes are tightly regulated and the exit of workers is enforced by law, everybody has an interest in keeping the supposedly temporary workers in place. Employers would much prefer not to have to train new people every six months, and workers want to keep their jobs or move on to better ones. Many of the guest workers who arrived in northern Europe from Turkey and north Africa in the 1960s and 1970s never left, and eventually brought their families to live with them too. The old joke that there is nothing so permanent as a temporary migrant has more than a grain of truth in it.
(6) It might be possible to create financial incentives for migrants to leave at the end of their contract period. Co-operation between the governments of the host and the sending countries would be essential, says Mr. Frattini. And migrants could be policed more tightly with the aid of new technology: ID cards, databases with biometric details, systems like E-verify in America that allow employers to check whether workers are authorised to be in the country. Proponents of circular migration admit that it would entail a loss of privacy.
(7) The biggest problem, though, is that people who expect to be packed off home after six months will be seen as second-class residents, and will have less incentive to integrate with their hosts. Why learn the language or adopt local habits and values for just a few months? Locals, for their part, are likely to view temporary labourers with the same sort of hostility as longer-term immigrants.
(8) Yet any sort of circular migration brings challenges of integration. Faster movements of people, combined with technology—cable television piping entertainment from the sending country, cheap phone and video calls back home—slow the rate at which migrants adopt their host country’s language, values and identity. Migration, suggests Mr. Moudden in Rabat, " is changing our whole understanding of citizenship, of the nation".
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a measure to control the flows of immigration?
选项
A、Cooperation with the sending countries.
B、Tightening the criteria for admission.
C、Restricting the number of foreign labour.
D、Use of economic incentives.
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/kUBK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Thelastcharacteristic,whichIthinkisthemostfundamentalone,istoaccept【T1】______.Activelearnersunderstandthatthe
Now,thesecondcharacteristicofactivelearnersistoreflectoninformationand【T1】______.Beingreflectiveisanimportantp
WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?I.IntroductionA.Differencebetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory—Focus:—generalhistory:【T1
Untilwhatagedoyouthinkpeopleshouldbeencouragedtoremaininpaidemployment?Insomecountriestheaverageworkerisob
A、Toprovidesomefinepictures.B、Tokeepitconcreteanddetailed.C、Tousehighlightsanditalicsinformat.D、Tocustomizei
(1)IwasjustaboywhenmyfatherbroughtmetoHarlemforthefirsttime,almost50yearsago.WestayedattheHotelTheresa,
(1)Thattitlealwayshadgrandeurtoit."MissAmerica."Ah,thissimple,arrogantbrilliance!ItsuggestsaPromqueenwhowant
PASSAGEONEWhatdoesMrNasheedthinktobetheconditionofelectionsholding?
(1)Allaroundtheworld,shoppersflocktoWal-Marttobuyeverythingfromsockstosofabeds.InMcKinney,Texas,theycomefor
(1)Allaroundtheworld,shoppersflocktoWal-Marttobuyeverythingfromsockstosofabeds.InMcKinney,Texas,theycomefor
随机试题
钠石灰的主要成分包括
横结肠左侧与降结肠的移行部称
妊娠期和哺乳期是女性用药比较特殊的时期,其中围生期也相当重要,WTO规定这一时期为
A、乙酰半胱氨酸B、氨溴索C、溴己新D、羧甲司坦E、右美沙芬应避免与中枢镇咳药合用的药物是
甲的一头牛走失,乙牵回关入自家牛棚,准备次日寻找失主。当晚牛棚被台风刮倒,将牛压死。乙将牛肉和牛皮出售,各得款500元和100元。请人屠宰及销售,支出100元。下列哪一种说法是正确的?
某证券公司2009年5月以8元/股的价格购进A股票50000股,购入过程中发生各种费用800元;10月将上述股票以13元/股的价格全部出售。卖出过程中发生税费1950元,10月取得客户佣金收入6000000元。另代收证券交易监管费8000元。该证券公司10
中小学常用的教学方法有哪些?各有何特点?
数据库技术的研究领域十分广泛,概括地讲可包括三个主要领域:DBMS软件的研制、数据库设计和【】。
Undergroundticketsareavailableatallundergroundstations.Ticketpricesfortheundergroundvaryaccordingtothedistancey
Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeve
最新回复
(
0
)