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  3. It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne

It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne

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问题    It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example , it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the " social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry. " Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.
   Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women’s work. " The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
   Women’s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution; the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
选项 A、The effects of the mechanization of women’s work have not borne out the frequently held assumption that new technology is inherently revolutionary.
B、Recent studies have shown that mechanization revolutionizes a society’s traditional values and the customary roles of its members.
C、Mechanization has caused the nature of women’s work to change since the Industrial Revolution.
D、The mechanization of work creates whole new classes of jobs that did not previously exist.
答案A
解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段提出机械化对社会生活产生重要影响，并引用了若干实例和名人的观点，指出大家的看法虽不尽相同，但是总体上还是认为机械化使妇女的生活有所改变的；第二段指出历史学家们质疑机械化在此方面的作用；第三段指出机械化对女性工作条件改变的影响并没有想象中的大，[A]项是对全文内容的概括转述，故为答案。文中没有提到价值观的问题，故排除[B]项；文章认为工业革命以来，机械化并没有对女性的工作产生根本性的影响，[C]项的表述与文章相矛盾，故排除；第二段第四句提到，在行政工作中创造了一个新的工作类别，[D]项与原文不符，故排除。
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