2. 外语
  3. A. interaction B. experienced C. reflect D. response E. undertaken F. affect G. although H. frustra

A. interaction B. experienced C. reflect D. response E. undertaken F. affect G. although H. frustra

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问题 A. interaction    B. experienced   C. reflect      D. response        E. undertaken
F. affect        G. although      H. frustration   I. subject          J. sufficiently
K. cooperation   L. centering     M. reference    N. disadvantaged   O. immune

    Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 【C1】______ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not 【C2】______ penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 【C3】______ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 【C4】______ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from 【C5】______ families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 【C6】______ to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly 【C7】______ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also 【C8】______ changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include 【C9】______ or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 【C10】______ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C3】
选项
答案A
解析 空格前的介词through提示，此处填入动词的现在分词形式或名词。此处所要表达的信息是“青少年学习犯罪的途径是什么”，空格里的词即表达这个途径。interaction这个词表达了“与别人交流”的意思，与前面的learned criminal behavior形成合理搭配。cooperation“(与同级对象的)合作”，有中性偏褒义色彩。此处表示孩子学坏。不是与别人的“合作”关系。
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专业英语四级

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