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  3. What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? T

What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? T

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问题     What is the difference between Joe Six-Pack, Joe the Plumber and Joe Biden? One is vice president; the other two are not. Why? The answer depends on a host of interactive variables that must be factored into any equation of success: genes, parents, brothers and sisters, peers, teachers, practice, drive, culture, timing, legacy and luck. The rub for the scientist is determining the percentage of influence of each variable and its interactions, which requires sophisticated statistical models.
    Journalists, who are unrestricted by research terms, very quickly produce large quantities of self-help books that focus on select variables that interest them. Few do so better than Malcolm Gladwell, and in his book Outliers: The Story of Success, the New Yorker writer claims that successful people are not "self-made" but instead "are invariably the beneficiaries of hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies that allow them to learn and work hard and make sense of the world in ways others cannot."
    Bill Gates, for example, may be smart, but Gladwell prefers to emphasize the fact that Gates’s wealthy parents sent him to a private school that had a computer club with a teletype time-sharing terminal with a direct link to a mainframe computer in Seattle, and in 1968 this was very unusual. His good fortune to be born in the mid-1950s also meant that Gates came of age when the computer industry was ready to have someone of his experience start a software company.
    Similarly, Gladwell says, Mozart’s father was a composer who mentored the young Wolfgang into greatness from age six until his early 20s, when his compositions changed from pleasantly melodious into masterful. The Beatles’ lucky break came in Hamburg, Germany, where they were able to log in more than 1,200 live performances and thereby meet the well-known 10,000-hour rule for perfecting a profession. Asian wonder children are the product of "the tradition of wet-rice agriculture" that must be practiced year-round and that requires "the highest emphasis on effort and hard work," and that’s why they study all summer while American students go to the mall.
    Such geniuses, Gladwell says, "are products of history and community, of opportunity and legacy. Their success is not exceptional or mysterious. It is grounded in a web of advantages and inheritances, some deserved, some not, some earned, some just plain lucky but all critical to making them who they are."
According to Gladwell, which of the following is true of Gates?
选项 A、His great success is due to his own talent.
B、His birth time partly contributes to his success.
C、His interest in software made him succeed.
D、He is fortunate to receive unusual education.
答案B
解析 根据题干中的关键词Gates可定位到第三段。该段以比尔.盖茨为例说明第二段的观点：成功人士是隐形优势、非凡机遇和文化传承的受益者。其中第二句中的His good fortune to be born in the mid-1950s说明他出生于一个恰当的时机。B项所述与此对应。该段第一句说Gates可能是smart，但but后的内容指出，Gladwell更强调了他成功的外部条件，所以A项不对。C项利用该段第二句中的software作干扰，原文并没有明确提到Gladwell认为Gates对软件的兴趣造就了他的成功，故C项错误。D项拼凑了原文的unusual及fortune作干扰。文中说他有good fortune是在于他的出生时代，而unusual是指他所读的私立学校有电脑学会，而这个学会又有电传分时终端机能与西雅图的一台主机电脑直接连接，而并非指他接受的教育是不寻常的(unusual)。
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