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  3. Police officers may hope that their presence in schools will help them build strong relationships with students, improving polic

Police officers may hope that their presence in schools will help them build strong relationships with students, improving polic

admin2018-03-26  57
问题    Police officers may hope that their presence in schools will help them build strong relationships with students, improving police-community relations over the long term. But achieving that goal may require rethinking law enforcement’s role in education, a new report suggests.
   Looking at federal data from the 2013 - 2014 school year, researchers at Education Week found that students in schools with at least one school resource officer(SRO)were 1.5 times more likely to be arrested than their peers in schools that did not have a police presence. The disparity is particularly stark for black students, possibly because police presence is concentrated in districts with a higher proportion of minority students. Black boys were three times more likely to be arrested at school than white boys, the report found.
   Rather than building relationships and improving outcomes, students who are arrested or referred to law enforcement can see a drop in school performance and are disproportionately more likely to get involved with the law again as adults, researchers say. Racial bias means that outcomes are particularly poor in communities of color.
   Spurred by rising fears of violent crime during the 1980s and 1990s, some schools began turning to police to increase safety on campus. With federal funding, their presence only grew. Following tragedies like the school shooting at Columbine High School in Colorado, an increasing number of parents called for security measures like metal detectors and armed officers. By 2013-2014, 44,000 "school resource officers" worked in schools on a full- or part-time basis.
   In some cases, hiring these officers has resulted in an impressive drop in incidents. But the national picture is less positive. Particularly in schools with a high proportion of minorities, the SROs are overused, taking on disciplinary functions that classroom teachers have traditionally performed, experts say.
   Arresting students, rather than having a classroom teacher discipline them, brings financial and emotional costs. An American Civil Liberties Union report found that arrested students were twice as likely to drop out of high school—and for those who appeared in court, that figure doubled.
   Compounding the problem, the cost of employing school resource officers means many schools with a police presence are less likely to have school counselors who can keep an eye on the psychological and developmental effects of arrests on children, Education Week reported. Detaining students also drains the budget of money that could be used to educate them.
   So how can police officers help ensure safety without becoming disciplinarians(纪律严明者)who grease the school-to-prison pipeline? Training is key, National Association of School Resource Officers executive director Mo Canady told Education Week. SROs should see themselves not only as members of law enforcement, but also embrace their role as educators on issues like drug prevention and as informal counselors for students, Mr. Canady said.
What does "grease the school-to-prison pipeline"(Line 2, Para. 8)most probably mean?
选项 A、To effectively prevent juvenile crime.
B、To lead more students to be arrested.
C、To help ensure the safety on campus.
D、To tighten the school-to-prison link.
答案B
解析 语义理解题。本题考查对文中特定词句的理解。定位句指出要确保校园辅警有助于维护校园安全，并防止他们grease the school-to-prison pipeline，从字面来看grease是“上润滑油”的意思，再联系上文可知，部署校园警官的学校似乎会有更多的学生被逮捕，可见此处的意思就是导致更多学生遭到逮捕，故答案为B)。A)“有效防止青少年犯罪”和C)“有助于确保校园安全”，由上下文可知，定位句所提到的内容只是作者希望的情况，故排除；D)“加强学校和监狱之间的联系”与本文的主题没有关联，故排除。
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