电脑与人脑的差异,可以用一个字眼来概括:复杂性。大型哺乳动物的大脑,就其体积而言,是我们所知晓的最复杂的肌体。人脑只有3磅,但就在这3磅物质中,却包含着100亿个神经细胞,以及1 000亿个更小的细胞。这上百亿上千亿的细胞相互联系,行成一个无比复杂的网络,

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问题     电脑与人脑的差异,可以用一个字眼来概括:复杂性。大型哺乳动物的大脑,就其体积而言,是我们所知晓的最复杂的肌体。人脑只有3磅,但就在这3磅物质中,却包含着100亿个神经细胞,以及1 000亿个更小的细胞。这上百亿上千亿的细胞相互联系,行成一个无比复杂的网络,人类迄今还无法解开这其中的奥秘。
    即便人类现今研制出的最复杂的电脑,其复杂程度也无法与人脑相比。电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万,而不是上百亿,上千亿。更重要的是,电脑的转换器仅是一种开关装置,而人脑细胞本来却有着极其复杂的内部结构。电脑能思考吗?这取决于你如何理解“思考”的含义。如果解一道数学题可算“思考”的话,那么电脑也能“思考”,而且速度比人快得多。当然,大多数数学题只需通过机器不断重复某种简单的过程,就能得到解决。如今,即便简单的电脑也能胜任这一工作。
    人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题,只是因为它们被输入了解决问题的“程序”。它们只能做人让它们做的事。我们应该记住,人类同样也只能按“程序”办事。受精卵一形成,基因就给我们编好了“程序”,我们的潜力也就要受到这个“程序”的限制。
    不过,我们的“程序”要复杂得多.因此我们更喜欢用创造力来界定“思考”的意义。有了这种创造力,就能写出伟大的剧本,创作不朽的乐章,提出卓越的科学理论,创立深奥的伦理观点。从这个意义上讲,电脑当然不能思考,人类的大多数也做不到。可是,如果能把电脑造得足够复杂的话,那它一定能像人一样富于创造力。倘若电脑能像人脑那样复杂,它就能与人脑旗鼓相当,完成人脑所能做的一切。

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答案Even the most complicated computer man has yet built can’t compare in intricacy with the brain. Computer switches and components number in the thousands rather than in the billions. What’ s more, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain composes of a tremendously complex structure. Can a computer think? That depends on what you mean by "think". If solving a mathematical problem is "thinking", then a computer can "think" and do so much faster than a man. Of course, most mathematical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straight-forward processes over and over again. Even the simple computers today can be geared for that. Our "program" is so much more e-normously complex, though, that we might like to define "thinking" in terms of the creativity that goes into writing a great play or composing a great symphony, conceiving a brilliant scientific theory or a profound ethical judgment. In that sense, computers certainly can’t think and neither can most humans. Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we are. If it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be equivalent to a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.

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