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  3. The flute is an ancient Chinese musical instrument, and is also a kind of wind instrument endowed with the most distinct nationa

The flute is an ancient Chinese musical instrument, and is also a kind of wind instrument endowed with the most distinct nationa

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问题    The flute is an ancient Chinese musical instrument, and is also a kind of wind instrument endowed with the most distinct national characteristics among Chinese instruments. The Chinese flute has a long history which can date back to the Neolithic Age. It’s often used in Chinese folk music, opera, Chinese national orchestra, western symphony orchestra and modern music. Most of the flutes are made of bamboo, but there are also stone flutes, jade flutes, rosewood flutes as well as bone flutes in ancient times. However, the best material to make a flute is still bamboo, because the sound effect of the bamboo flute is better and the production cost is lower.
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答案 笛子，是古老的中国乐器，也是中国乐器中最具有民族特色的吹奏乐器。中国笛子历史悠久，可以追溯到新石器时代(the Neolithic Age)。笛子常在中国民间音乐、戏曲、中国民族乐团、西洋交响乐团和现代音乐中使用。大部分笛子是竹制的，但也有石笛、玉笛及红木做的笛子，古时还有骨笛。不过，制作笛子的最好原料仍是竹子，因为竹笛声音效果较好，制作成本较低。
解析 1．第一句中，“最具有民族特色的”有多种翻译方法，除了像译文中的endowed with the most distinct national characteristics以外，还可译为with unique ethnic features；“具有”可以直接用介词with表示，还可以用短语be endowed with译出，参考译文中使用的是后者，用过去分词短语作后置定语，使译文句式丰富。
2．第二句中，“历史悠久”可以翻译为主谓形式has／enjoys a long history，还可以译为介词短语with a long history；“追溯到……”可以译为非谓语形式dating back to，还可以译为定语从句which dates back to或which can be traced back to。
3．第三句的整体翻译句式为“it’s often used in…”，重点在于几个音乐类别的表达。
4．第四句后半句中，可以将“石”“玉”“红木”“骨”等译为表示材料的定语。
5．最后一句中，“制作笛子的最好原料”可以像参考译文那样译为the best material to make a flute，也可以翻译为the best material of making a flute；后半句可以像参考译文一样直译，也可以意译为“因为它具有声音效果较好和制作成本较低的优点”，即because it has the advantages of better sound effect and lower manufacturing costs。
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