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  3. Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.

Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i.

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问题     Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e. , working for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And wrhen fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle class and upper-class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population— growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution,has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.
    Yet you will find little of anything written on what it is to he an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can find a great deal of work in a chosen field, whether it is the mechanist’s trade or bookkeeping. Every one of these trades requires different skills, set different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical ability or professional knowledge. (301 words)
It is implied that fifty years ago
选项 A、American working people were employed only in factories
B、the majority of American intellectuals were employees
C、the percentage of intellectuals employed was almost the same as that of ordinary workers
D、most employees were less formally educated
答案D
解析 文章第一段第四句讲的是，50年前，被雇的基本上是蓝领工人，而现在越来越多的是受过正规教育的中产阶级人士。从事的往往是需要知识和技能的专业工作和管理工作。反过来说，50年前被雇佣的人基本上是没有受过正规教育的。
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