首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or
admin
2014-12-26
48
问题
Parenthood isn’t a career-killer. The effect of parenthood is not that severe as people imagine. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists in particular can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially if they’ re young or unmarried.
That’ s, according to new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, a working paper("Parenthood and Productivity of Highly Skilled Labour: Evidence from the Grove of Academe")published this month by Matthias Krapf of the University of Zurich, Heinrich Ursprung of the University of Konstanz and Christian Zimmermann of the regional reserve bank.
"There is a widespread conviction that motherhood is extremely costly in terms of professional career advancement. In particular, it is often argued that the only way for young women to make a challenging career is to remain childless," they wrote. "Our study of the academic labour market arrives at a somewhat less
dreary
picture: we do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. Moreover, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported."
The authors in early 2012 surveyed about 10,000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, matching the academics’ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist’ s productivity by looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal quality. Some of their findings are as follows:
"Mothers of at least two children are, on average, more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more productive than childless women. Fathers of at least two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child."
Parenthood does appear linked to lower productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, loses the equivalent of four years of research output by the time her kids become teenagers.
Women who are married or in a stable relationship "do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth." For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third over the same period.
Female economists who have their first child before the age of 30 are less productive, while "for older first-time mothers, the effect remains negative, but it is much smaller and lacks statistical significance."
Male economists without tenure become more productive after having a child, while tenured male economists won’t be more productive. There is no similar effect for female economists.
What is the relationship between the first two paragraphs?
选项
A、Comparison and contrast.
B、Paragraph 2 is the illustration of paragraph 1.
C、Cause and effect.
D、The two paragraphs are two sides of the same topic.
答案
C
解析
推断题。本题主要考查对文章内部逻辑的把握。文章第一段讲到,“为人父母并不会扼杀一个人的事业。……但女性经济学家在当上妈妈之后会在工作效率上付出代价。”第二段开头讲到,“这一结论来自圣路易斯联邦储备银行一项最新的研究,”,接着介绍这项研究的具体情况。由此可知,第一段内容是第二段所提及的最新研究得出的结论,因此,这两段是因果关系。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/kam7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonAncientGreekphilosopherAristotle’sfamousremark"P
Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhotendstoputonweightaroundyourmiddle,whatdoctorscallan"appleshape"—whattherestof
Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplewhotendstoputonweightaroundyourmiddle,whatdoctorscallan"appleshape"—whattherestof
Theymayappeartobemarvelsofmodernscience.Buttheideasthatledtothewondersofsatellite【B1】______,organtransplant
HowCustomsWorkA)Oneofthelittleritualsallinternationaltravelersgothroughiscustoms.Tomostpeople,thisisjustano
HowCustomsWorkA)Oneofthelittleritualsallinternationaltravelersgothroughiscustoms.Tomostpeople,thisisjustano
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepicture
Atsomepointin2008,someone,probablyineitherAsiaorAfrica,madethedecisiontomovefromthecountrysidetothecity.T
AccordingtothemostrecentAmericanFreshmansurvey,conductedannuallybytheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,undergra
随机试题
骨龄
A.前额或颌面部痛,晨起轻,午后重B.前额部痛,晨起逐渐加重,午后减轻,晚间消失C.枕后或眼球深处痛,早晨轻,午后重D.局限于内眦或鼻根部,也可放射至颅顶E.全脑部疼痛急性蝶窦炎的头痛特点
A、卡波普940B、丙二醇C、尼泊金甲酯D、氢氧化钠E、纯化水;指出上述处方中各成分的作用防腐剂()。
会计核算软件应具备初始化功能,应进行初始化的内容包括()。
在通货膨胀条件下,股票这类金融资产通常不会面临贬值风险。()
色彩存在的对比关系有()。
物价稳定就是通货膨胀率为零。()
A、 B、 C、 D、 D考查分数计算的技巧。分数拆分的规律:解法如下:故应选D。
老师:不完成作业就不能出去做游戏。学生:老师,我完成作业了,我可以去外边做游戏了!老师:不对。我只是说,你们如果不完成作业就不能出去做游戏。除了以下哪项外,其余各项都能从上面的对话中推出?
我们国家要走向现代化,最大的障碍,并不是资源问题,也不是资金问题,更不是技术问题,而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累,资源可以更有效的利用,技术可以创造也可以引进,但是几亿人口的素质(quality)是无法引进的,这必须靠我们去提高。
最新回复
(
0
)