首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Think and Act or Act and Think The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model
Think and Act or Act and Think The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model
admin
2013-08-28
60
问题
Think and Act or Act and Think
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for ca-priciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! Experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?
选项
A、An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.
B、A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.
C、The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.
D、Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.
答案
B
解析
逻辑结构题。本题的答案在于抓住第一句话中的do not和第二句句首的rather这两个关键词,便可得出正确答案为B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/kdLd777K
本试题收录于:
职称英语理工类A级题库职称英语分类
0
职称英语理工类A级
职称英语
相关试题推荐
CarMaintenanceOnceitwasconsideredgoodpracticetoletthecarengineidleaminuteortwofollowingcoldstarts.Todaywit
Whatwasscientists’understandingofmethane?WhichofthefollowingaboutmethaneisNotmentionedinthepassage?
ThewriterbelievesthatthepopulationexplosionresultsfromAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabou
TheAncientRoadBuildingAquickreviewofancienthistorysincemenbegankeepingrecordsoftheirachievementswouldshowtha
Women’sRightsMovement1.Women’srightsareguaranteesofpolitical,social,andeconomicequalityforwomeninasocietythat
AFactorsLeadingtoEnergyWasteBHomeAppliancesCPropsalstoCutEnergyConsumptionDEnergyConsumptionTestETerawa
Thespecial-effectsrevolutionbeganinthemid1980swithStarWars.MurenfeelsthatwithCGtechnology,specialeffectscan
HuntingforaJobHuntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseonthe
HuntingforaJobHuntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseonthe
Itislogicalthatadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Todaypeopleusuallyacquirea
随机试题
服务产品的特征有()。
需要频繁启动电动机时,应选用()控制。
流水线生产
左鼻旁疖肿病人,体温38℃,抗生素治疗未见好转。此病人潜在的危险是
下列属于无阈值效应的是
根据《水利工程建设项目施工分包管理规定》,下列关于项目法人分包管理职责叙述正确的是()。
7月份大豆现货价格为5050元/吨,某生产商由于担心9月份收获出售时价格下跌,在期货市场上进行了卖出套期保值操作,以5080元/吨的价格卖出9月份大豆期货合约。8月份,有一经销商愿意购买大豆现货,双方协定以低于9月份大豆期货合约价格10元/吨的价格作为双
经营期现金流量中不能引起公司税前利润变动的有()。
下列哪些行为应认定为抢劫罪一种罪刑()。
就国家与法的关系而言,能影响以至于决定法的形式的最主要因素是()。
最新回复
(
0
)