2. 外语
  3. [A] Until summarizing is possible, managers and CEOs who are experts in their various fields won’ t trust a computer that cannot

[A] Until summarizing is possible, managers and CEOs who are experts in their various fields won’ t trust a computer that cannot

admin2019-05-09  32
问题    [A] Until summarizing is possible, managers and CEOs who are experts in their various fields won’ t trust a computer that cannot offer a reason for why a creative yet risky move is the best one to make. Researchers have developed a mathematical proof that shows the limits to how creative a computer can be. They found that the fastest modern supercomputer couldn’ t list or explore all the features of an object/thing even if it had started working on the problem way back in the 1950s. Further, computers cannot always fill in the gaps in our lack of understanding for how things work. Our theories will always need actual empirical measurements to fill in the gaps in our understanding.
   [B] We shouldn’ t concern ourselves, therefore, about whether computers will overtake humans: instead, we should focus on designing a system that allows humans and computers to easily collaborate together so each partner can build upon the other’ s strengths and counter the other’ s weaknesses. Along the way, humans will rise to the challenge of working with a strong machine partner. In some ways, this is already happening. After losing the first three games to AlphaGo, and witnessing the computer system make novel moves that players hadn’ t seen before, Lee Sedol made a highly creative move of his own and ended up winning the game.
   [C] Despite these advancements, computers still have limitations. For example, even though AlphaGo leaned on deep learning to make moves that increased its chances of winning, its programmers didn’ t know why the system made certain moves. They could peer in to see such things as the values at the many digital"neurons"of a many-layered network, but much of the information was distributed across large ranges of the neural network and was not available to be summarized in a reasoned argument as to why a particular move was chosen.
   [D] Artificial intelligence is disturbing the workforce, and will continue to do so as its capabilities increase. Inevitably, artificial intelligence will soon be able to do the administrative tasks that consume much of managers’ time faster, better, and at a lower cost. But, when it comes to more complex and creative tasks such as innovation, the question still remains whether AI can do the job better than humans.
   [E]One can see more of this in the future. As we develop systems and they evolve, humans and computers will continue to challenge each other, and, as a result, both will become more innovative in the process. Further, designing the proper interface for human and computers to collaborate on the same problem will unleash a level of innovativeness that neither partner can achieve on their own.
   [F]Given these limitations, researchers have proposed a solution: a new human-computer interface (HCI) that allows humans and computers to work together to counter each other’ s weaknesses. Computers, for example, could prevent humans from falling prey to cognitive biases such as functional fixedness, assumption blindness and analogy blindness. And humans could make up the creative deficiencies of computers. In order for this to work, the interface needs to be both human- and computer-friendly.
   [G]There’ s no doubt that recent advancements in AI have been extraordinary. AlphaGo, a computer program designed to play the ancient board game Go, beat Lee Sedol, one of best players in the world, in a 4-1 landslide. Since Go is far more complex game than chess, AlphaGo’ s victory was a major breakthrough.

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答案F
解析 解析见上题。
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