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  3. Shakespeare’s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. 【F1】By the date of h

Shakespeare’s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. 【F1】By the date of h

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问题     Shakespeare’s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. 【F1】By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all-rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and 【F2】no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
    When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court. 【F3】But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theatres, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theatres as offering a means of livelihood. By the time that Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage—where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. 【F4】A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public play-houses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.
    The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. 【F5】To realize how, great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.
【F2】
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答案上过文法学校的男孩没有哪个可能会不知道戏剧是文学的一种，它曾经给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀，或许还将给英国带来荣耀。
解析 主句为主谓宾结构，其中be ignorant that…表示“对……无知”，前面出现否定短语no boy，可知no boy…could be ignorant that…为双重否定，表示肯定意思，可译作“每个男孩都知道……”。that引导的宾语从句具体解释说明男孩们知道的内容。who引导的定语从句修饰先行词boy，其中grammar school不可直译为“语法学校”，这里是指英国中世纪的“文法学校”。which引导的定语从句修饰先行词literature；might yet中的yet表示“尚未，但要”的意思，结合前面希腊和罗马的情况和历史常识可知，英国也可能像这两国一样迎来戏剧的鼎盛时期。
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