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  3. In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing us

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问题    In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
   In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.
   Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
   One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
In the Middle Ages students______.
选项 A、took objective tests
B、specialized in one subject
C、were timed by electric clocks
D、never wrote exams
答案D
解析 细节题。根据文章第二段第一句可知，在中世纪的欧洲大学里，那些攻读高学位的学生必须和他们所学领域里有特殊研究成果的学者进行讨论。由此可知，中世纪的考试方式是口试。选项A(参加客观性考试)和选项C(用电子表计时)都是现代考试方式。选项B(专攻一门学科)文章未提及。选项D(从不笔试)符合题意，故本题选D。
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