2. 外语
  3. Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burd

Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burd

admin2012-06-13  68
问题    Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics- the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
   As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are control led by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub-millimeter accuracy- far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
   But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can’t yet give a robot enough ’common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world."
   Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
   What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented- and human perception far more complicated--than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.
Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in______
选项 A、the use of machines to produce science fiction
B、the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry
C、the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work
D、the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work
答案C
解析 文意理解题。本文的对应信息为文章的第一句话“Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring， burdensome，or just plain nasty(从人类萌发了创造力，他们就一直在设计各种日益精巧的工 具来处理那些危险、枯燥、繁重或者只是一般肮脏的工作)。”四个选项中只有c选项符合这 句话的意思，答案非常容易定位。
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