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  3. The genes that help determine a person’s individual characteristics—from the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an IQ te

The genes that help determine a person’s individual characteristics—from the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an IQ te

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问题     The genes that help determine a person’s individual characteristics—from the color of his eyes to the score he makes on an IQ test—are located on chromosomes within the cells of his body. Half of a person’s chromosomes come from his father, half from his mother. Many diseases are the result of a single defective gene on one of the chromosomes. Achondroplastic dwarfism, for example, is caused by a dominant gene and any child who inherits it will have the disease. A genetic counselor confronted by a parent with such a disease could warn that half of his children risk the disease. More often, genetic diseases are caused by recessive genes. The most common is cystic fibrosis, a disorder that affects at least one in every 1600 babies and causes their lungs and other body organs to become congested with mucus. Some diseases, such as the blood-clotting disorder, hemophilia, are sex-linked recessive defects carried on the female X chromosome.
    Many genetic defects, such as the hemophilia of European royalty, can be traced back through the family tree. And a genetic counselor can calculate probable risks for couples even before they have defective children. But faulty genes may also occur without warning by mutation in any generation.
    In recent years, researchers have detected a number of disorders caused by an extra chromosome, or lack of part of a chromosome. Mongolism, a form of retardation accompanied by short stature, a flattened nose and broad hands and feet, is caused by an extra chromosome. The parents of such a child have little increased risk of having another Mongoloid.
    There are blood, urine and other tests which show promise in detecting more than 100 genetic diseases, including cystic fibrosis, hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy.
    Researchers are also detecting genetic defects even before a child is born. "Intrauterine detection," notes Dr. Henry L. Nadler of Northwestern University Medical School, "brings a new dimension to genetic counseling. The physician may now inform the parents that they will have either an affected or a normal child. "
What do recent studies on genetic defects tell us?
选项 A、Some diseases result from an extra chromosome.
B、Some diseases are caused by a chromosome in short.
C、Faulty genes caused by mutation give rise to diseases like mongolism.
D、Parents of mongoloid are likely to have more children of the kind.
答案A
解析 文中“In recent years，researchers have detected a number of disorders caused by an extra chromosome, or lack of part of a chromosome”表明了A项正确。B项似乎也正确，但全缺“chromosome”与部分缺(lack part of a chromosome)是大不一样的，所以B项不正确。
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