首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Emergency Rooms Millions of Americans visit an emergency room each year. Millions more have seen the hit TV show "ER". This
Emergency Rooms Millions of Americans visit an emergency room each year. Millions more have seen the hit TV show "ER". This
admin
2013-06-25
106
问题
Emergency Rooms
Millions of Americans visit an emergency room each year. Millions more have seen the hit TV show "ER". This has sparked a great interest in the fascinating, 24-hour-a-day, non-stop world of emergency medicine.
A visit to the emergency room can be a stressful, scary event. Why is it so scary? First of all, there is the fear of not knowing what is wrong with you. There is the fear of having to visit an unfamiliar place filled with people you have never met. Also, you may have to undergo tests that you do not understand at a pace that discourages questions and comprehensions.
In this article, we lead you through a complete behind-the-scenes tour of a typical emergency room. You will learn about the normal flow of traffic in an emergency room, the people involved and the special techniques used to respond to life-or-death situations. If you yourself find the need to visit an emergency room, this article will make it less stressful by revealing what will happen and why things happen the way they do in an emergency department.
Understanding the ER Maze
The classic emergency room scene involves an ambulance screeching a halt, a gurney hurtling through the hallway and five people frantically working to save a person’s life with only seconds to spare. This does happen and is not uncommon, but the majority of cases seen in a typical emergency department aren’t quite this dramatic. Let’s look at a typical case to see to the normal flow of an emergency room works.
Imagine that it’s 2 a.m. , and you’re dreaming about whatever it is that you dream about. Suddenly you wake up because your abdomen hurts — a lot. This seems like something out of the ordinary, so you call your regular doctor. He tells you to go to your local hospital’s emergency department: He is concerned about appendicitis (阑尾炎) because your pain is located in the right, lower abdomen.
When you arrive at the emergency department, your first stop is triage (医疗鉴别分类). This is the place where each patient’s condition is prioritized, typically by a nurse, into three general categories. The categories are immediately life threatening; urgent, but not immediately life threatening; and less urgent.
This categorization is necessary so that someone with a life-threatening condition is not kept waiting because they arrive a few minutes later than someone with a more routine problem. The triage nurse records your vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiratory rate and blood pressure). She also gets a brief history of your current medical complaints, past medical problems, medications and allergies so that she can determine the appropriate triage category. Here you find out that your temperature is 101 degrees F.
What’s next? You need to register.
Registration
After triage, the next step is registration — not very exciting and rarely seen on TV. Here they obtain your vital statistics. You may also provide them with your insurance information, Medicare, Medicaid or Health Maintenance Organization card. This step is necessary to develop a medical record so that your medical history, lab tests, X-rays, etc. , will all be located on the chart that can be referenced at any time. The bill will also be generated from this information.
If the patient’s condition is life-threatening or if the patient arrives by ambulance, this step may be completed later at the bedside.
Examination Room
Now you are brought to the exam room. You promptly throw up in the bathroom, which may be more evidence of appendicitis; you are seen by an emergency department nurse who obtains more detailed information about you. The nurse gets you settled into a patient gown so that you can be examined properly and perhaps obtain a urine (尿) specimen at this time.
Some emergency departments have been subdivided into separate areas in order to better serve their patients. These separate areas can include a pediatric FR, a chest-pain ER, a fast track (for minor injuries and illnesses), trauma center (usually for severely injured patients) and an observation unit (for patients who do not require hospital admission but do require prolonged treatment or many diagnostic tests).
Once the nurse has finished her tasks, the next visitor is an emergency-medicine physician. He gets a more detailed medical history about your present illness, past medical problems, family history, and a complete review of all your body systems. He then formulates a list of possible of your symptoms; this list is called a differential diagnosis. The most likely diagnosis is then determined by the patient’s symptoms and physical examination, if this is inadequate to determine the diagnosis, then diagnostic tests are required.
Diagnostic Tests
When the tricky diagnosis of appendicitis is considered, blood tests and a urinalysis are required.
The patient’s blood is put into different colored tubes, each with its own additive depending on the test being performed:
AA purple-top tube is used for a complete blood count (CBC). A CBC measures:
1. The adequacy of your red blood cells, to see if you are anemic (贫血的)
2. The number and type of white blood cells (WBCs), to determine the presence of infection
3. A platelet count (platelets are a blood component necessary for clotting)
A red-top tube is used to test the serum (the liquid or non-cellular half of your blood).
A blue-top tube is used to test your blood’s clotting.
The tests in your case indicate that you have an elevated WBC count. This is a sign of a bacterial infection, and bacterial infections are commonly associated with appendicitis.
At this point, the emergency physician may request that you not eat or drink anything. The reason is that appendicitis is treated by surgery, and an empty stomach is desirable to prevent some compilations of anesthesia (麻醉).
Diagnosis and Treatment
When the emergency physician has all the information he can obtain, he makes a determination of the most likely diagnosis from his differential diagnosis.
Alternately, he may decide that he does not have enough information to make a decision and may require more tests. At this point, he speaks to a general surgeon the appropriate consultant in this case. The surgeon comes to see you and performs a thorough history, physical exam, and review of your lab data. She examines your symptoms: pain and tenderness in the right, lower abdomen, vomiting, low-grade fever and elevated WBC count. These symptoms all point to appendicitis. The treatment of appendicitis is removal of the appendix, or an appendectomy. The surgeon explains the procedure, including the risks and benefits. You then sign a consent form to document this and permit her to operate on you.
Disposition
Depending on a patient’s specific medical condition, physicians will admit the patient to the hospital, discharge the patient, or transfer the patient to a more appropriate medical facility.
If you are discharged, you will receive discharge instructions (either written specifically for you or pre-printed) that explain your medications and other treatments. If medications are prescribed, you may receive a beginning dose if there are no drug stores open in your area at that particular time. You will also be referred for follow-up care should your condition continue or worsen.
You may need to be transferred if your condition is better treated at another institution. You may have to sign a consent form if your condition or mental state allows.
The modern emergency department performs an important role in our society; it really is a marvelous invention that has saved countless lives. Hopefully, the information in this article will help ease your fears should you need the services of an emergency department in the future.
After the medical treatment, a patient may be admitted to the hospital, discharged, or transferred to a more appropriate______.
选项
答案
medical facility
解析
题干的空白处需要填写名词或者名词词组,内容为医生对病人进行的处置方案。原文提到医生可能会让病人住院、出院或者接受更好医疗机构的治疗,因此答案就是原文中的medical facility。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lDn7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Thestruggleforfoodhaslongbeenadramaformillionsofimpoverished(穷困的)Brazilians.Butthesedaysthenationistransfix
A、Thepresentsituationofemploymentispromising.B、Morestudentsdon’twanttohuntforjobsaftergraduation.C、Morestudent
Americansthisyearwillswallow15,000tonsofaspirin(阿司匹林),oneofsafestandmosteffectivedrugsinventedbyman.Themost
GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.
A、Thefrustrationboughtonbyinabilityofpeople.B、Theearlierarrivalofthefuture.C、Thedisorientationcausedbyreality.
A、Bygreetingeachotherverypolitely.B、Byexchangingtheirviewsonpublicaffairs.C、Bydisplayingtheirfeelingsandemotio
A、Afitnessprogramofferedtothegeneralpublic.B、Aphysicalexercisetobuildupmuscles.C、Aprogramthatmakespeoplekeep
PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins【B1】______PresidentsFord,CarterandBushat"thepresident’ssummitforAmerica’sfuture"【
A、Indifferent.B、Admiring.C、Sympathetic.D、Tolerant.B推理判断题。判断作者的态度,要看他在文章中所使用的词汇,尤其是形容词和副词。根据oneofthemostpopularliteraryf
A、Sheneedstorelax.B、Themanshouldtryhardertoconcentrate.C、Shehasalmostfinishedthereadingassignment.D、Themusic
随机试题
下列古注属于义疏类注释类型的是()
患者男性,28岁,下颌第一恒磨牙咬合不适1周,感患牙伸长,初时紧咬牙可缓解不适,昨天开始不敢咬牙并出现自发痛,无放射痛,口腔检查下颌第一恒磨牙远中颌面深龋及髓,探(-),可疑叩痛,牙齿不松动,龈(-),根尖区压痛(+)根据上述材料,最可能的诊断为
集体合同或专项集体合同签订或变更后,应当自双方首席代表签字之日起()内,由用人单位一方将文本一式三份报送劳动保障行政部门审查。
经检验检疫机关( ),签发《植物检疫证书》及《入境货物通关》,准予入境。
“备案号”栏:()。“商品名称,规格型号”栏:()。
注明“现金”字样的银行本票不得背书转让。()
散客由于批量少、总人数多的特征,形成了()的特点。
从1978年到1992年,历经14年的探索和实践,中国特色社会主义道路有了明确方向。这里的“方向”指()。
在国家政权中,军队与警察是最主要的支柱。()
阅读下列说明,回答问题1至问题3,将解答填入答题纸的对应栏内。[说明]某市级政府部门拟采购便携式笔记本,采购预算30万元;专业定制的数据采集设备,预算90万元;软件应用系统,开发预算110万元。现就上述内容的招标方式向监理单位进行咨询。[事件1]监理
最新回复
(
0
)