You will hear a discussion between two managers, Jack and Shine, who are talking about whether the society needs professional or

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Man: Oh, we have a lot of work to do, and we must give these persons the right position for each one. That beats me. But why not let them do the same work from the beginning, since they all can do most of the work in our company?
Woman: Oh, come on, Jack! Everybody has his major, and they have been trained in special fields when they were in universities, we can’t make everybody an all-round.
Man: However, a professional is not different from an all-round very much, they are ...
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Woman: So what do you think of professional and all-round?
Man: A professional is a person with specialised knowledge and skill in a certain field whereas an all-round person is one with a wide range of knowledge and many skills. Obviously, an all-round person is more adaptable to the changing modern society.
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Man: A professional is a person with specialised knowledge and skill in a certain field whereas an all-round person is one with a wide range of knowledge and many skills. Obviously, an all-round person is more adaptable to the changing modern society.
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Woman: I’m afraid that your definition for professional is too narrow. A professional is not one who only knows about his own field and knows nothing about other fields. Specialised knowledge in a certain field is based on a wide range of knowledge. So a professional is an expert in a certain field while an all-round person is one who can work in several fields. Both kinds of persons have their advantages and disadvantages, but since modern society is one with detailed labour division, a professional is more useful.
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Man: But why do most universities offer double degrees and encourage science majors to take arts courses and arts majors to take science courses? Woman: It’s true that our university offers courses like western painting, calligraphy and music appreciation, but I learn those courses are offered not to improve students’ standard, but to cultivate students’ interest, open their visual field and make them a man of good taste.
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Man: Although a professional may have more knowledge in a certain field, to get a job well done in modern society calls for cooperation of people in different fields. Only an all-round person can take things as a whole and combine resources from different fields. So an all-round person is more creative.
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Woman: But isn’t the profound knowledge in a certain field a necessity for creativity?
Man: Have you noticed that in modern society more and more new technologies are produced in frontier branches of science? It is an all-round person who can work in more than one branch.
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Woman: Don’t forget if you are good at everything, you are good at nothing. Take Microsoft as an example, it has the best management personnel, the best software personnel and the best financial personnel. It is those professionals who make it one of the first-rate companies in the world.
Man: But when Bill Gates and Paul Allen started the company, they worked at the same time as technicians, accountants and sales representatives. Aren’t they all-round?
Woman: That’s because when they started, they couldn’t afford professionals. Now that the company is bigger, would Bill Gates be able to manage all that work by himself if he didn’t have those professionals to help him?
Man: Okay, I can not imagine... We can share something common, different position needs different persons.
Woman: Yeah, so we must let everybody fully display his talents. Now let’s make a division of labour.
Man: Oh, we have a lot of work to do, and we must give these persons the right position for each one. That beats me. But why not let them do the same work from the beginning since they all can do most of the work in our company?
Woman: Oh, come on, Jack! Everybody has his major, and they have been trained in special fields when they were in universities, we can’t make everybody an all-round.
Man: However, a professional is not different from an all-round very much, they are...
Woman: So what do you think of professional and all-round?
Man: A professional is a person with specialised knowledge and skill in a certain field whereas an all-round person is one with a wide range of knowledge and many skills. Obviously, an all-round person is more adaptable to the changing modern society.
Woman: I’m afraid that your definition for professional is too narrow. A professional is not one who only knows about his own field and knows nothing about other fields. Specialised knowledge in a certain field is based on a wide range of knowledge. So a professional is an expert in a certain field while an all-round person is one who can work in several fields. Both kinds of persons have their advantages and disadvantages, but since modern society is one with detailed labour division, a professional is more useful.
Man: But why do most universities offer double degrees and encourage science majors to take arts courses and arts majors to take science courses?
Woman: It’s true that our university offers courses like western painting, calligraphy and music appreciation, but I learn those courses are offered not to improve students’ standard, but to cultivate students’ interest, open their visual field and make them a man of good tastes.
Man: Although a professional may have more knowledge in a certain field, to get a job well done in modern society calls for cooperation of people in different fields. Only an all-round person can take things as a whole and combine resources from different fields. So an all-round person is more creative. Only an all-round person can take things as a whole and combine resources from different fields. So an all-round person is more creative.
Woman: But isn’t the profound knowledge in a certain field a necessity for creativity?
Man: Have you noticed that in modern society more and more new technologies are produced in frontier branches of science? It is an all-round person who can work in more than one branch.
Woman: Don’t forget if you are good at everything, you are good at nothing. Take Microsoft as an example, it has the best management personnel, the best software personnel and the best financial personnel. It is those professionals who make it one of the first-rate companies in the world.
Man: But when Bill Gates and Paul Allen started the company, they worked at the same time as technicians, accountants and sales representatives. Aren’t they all-round?
Woman: That’s because when they started, they couldn’t afford professionals. Now that the company is bigger, would Bill Gates be able to manage all that work by himself if he didn’t have those professionals to help him?
Man: Okay, I can not imagine... We can share something common, different position needs different person.
Woman: Yeah, so we must let everybody fully display his talents. Now let’s make a division of labour.