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  3. The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its

The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its

admin2014-09-19  30
问题     The word science is heard so often in modern times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is deffned as classified knowledge (facts).
    Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this reason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. For example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist con-tinues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact status of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.
    The objectives of science are primarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.
    Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes—for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.
    Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in applications of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discovery of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.
Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, ______.
选项 A、may lead to antiscientific, "impure" results
B、necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell
C、is not always as pure as we suppose
D、necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell
答案B
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。问导致显微镜制造的纯科学如何。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在最后一段第四句找到相关信息。这部分指出，某些发现看似非常简单，以至于人们对它们为什么没有早几年被人作出感到不可思议。但是，他们应该知道，制造显微镜必须早于细胞的发现。换言之，显微镜的制造是发现细胞的先决条件。此处的逻辑是，发现显微镜的原理属于纯科学领域，应用这一原理来制造显微镜属于应用科学的领域，显微镜的应用又导致了新的发现——细胞的发现。因此，本题的正确答案应是B“应该先于应用科学而存在，从而导致了细胞的发现”。
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