首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil use
Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil use
admin
2013-02-03
88
问题
Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 per cent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and, at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging, and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to be support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognize various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only he made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machinery is used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that goes into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a nonrenewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.
Summary:
From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and oil in that firstly it comes from a resource which is【76】and secondly it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is【77】. Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and【78】to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by the government to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of【79】from used paper but advances are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower quality than before and to sort our waste paper by removing【80】before discarding it for collection.
选项
答案
virgin fibre
解析
文章第一段第四句原话。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lLyK777K
本试题收录于:
A类竞赛(研究生)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
A类竞赛(研究生)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Diamondisthehardestnaturallyoccurringsubstanceknown.Itisthemostpopulargemstoneandbecauseofitsextreme【C1】_____
Diamondisthehardestnaturallyoccurringsubstanceknown.Itisthemostpopulargemstoneandbecauseofitsextreme【C1】_____
Whichpictureshouldreplacethequestionmark?
Whenyourkidsareadvisedto“getaneducation”iftheywanttoearnadecentincome,theyaretoldonlyhalfofthetruth.Wha
TherearetworeasonswhyIwantedtocometosouthernGermanytostudy.IwantedtobeatthecentreofEurope,withineasyrea
Workingouttomusiccanimprovethecoordinationofyourmindandbody,【C1】______youarefootballcrazyorkeenontennis.Th
Workingouttomusiccanimprovethecoordinationofyourmindandbody,【C1】______youarefootballcrazyorkeenontennis.Th
Workingouttomusiccanimprovethecoordinationofyourmindandbody,【C1】______youarefootballcrazyorkeenontennis.Th
A、It’spunctualbutabitscary.B、It’sthebestmeansoftransportation.C、It’sanightmareduringrushhours.D、It’snotbad
ThemanuscriptwassenttotheprinterinLondonafewweeksbeforetheFrenchrevolution.
随机试题
A、虚寒证B、热证C、湿浊下注D、热伤血络E、实寒证小便浑浊不清者可见于
根据《非处方药专有标识管理规定(暂行)》,红色专有标识图案用于
下面对工作流程图描述不正确的是()。
(2014年)下列关于负债和所有者权益的表述中,错误的是()。
商业银行使用保证收益型理财计划附加条件所产生的投资风险应由( )承担。
下列各项中,属于增值税混合销售行为的是()。
2008年8月1日,我国第一条拥有完全自主知识产权、具有世界一流水平的高速铁路一京津城际铁路通车运营。()
16枚硬币中有一枚是假币,假币的质量与真币的质量不同。只通过一架天平至少要称几次才能保证找出假币?()
张教授:在西方经济萧条时期,由汽车尾气造成的空气污染状况会大大改善,因为开车上班的人大大减少了。李工程师:情况恐怕不是这样。在萧条时期买新车的人大大减少,而车越老,排放超标尾气造成的污染越重。以下哪项最为准确地概括了李工程师的反驳所运用的方法?
习近平新时代中国特色社会主义经济思想首次提出于()。
最新回复
(
0
)