首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
admin
2018-05-24
39
问题
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs,
which can be arranged in order of【T1】______.【T1】______
Physiological needs: the most【T2】______ ones for survival. They【T2】______
include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way
to【T3】______these needs.【T3】______
【T4】______ needs: needs for a)physical security:【T4】______
b)【T5】______ security.【T5】______
The former means no【T6】______, while the latter is concerned with【T6】______
freedom from【T7】______, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【T7】______
through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【T8】______ plans, and【T8】______
safe working conditions.
Social needs: human requirements for a)【T9】______:【T9】______
b)a sense of belonging.
There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships
at workplace:
b)formation of relationships
outside workplace.
Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. one’s sense of achievement
b)esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result
of one’s【T10】______.【T10】______
These needs can be fulfilled by【T11】______, etc.【T11】______
Self-realization needs: needs to realize one’s potential. Ways to
realize these needs are individually【T12】______.【T12】______
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively
【T13】______needs.【T13】______
b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.
c)【T14】______ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【T14】______
d)Different levels of needs may【T15】______ when they come【T15】______
into play.
【T4】
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he’s especially known for his theory of human needs.
OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are "wanting" beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages.
Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that’s maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.
After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow’s view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends.
Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements.promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition.
What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. They are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming "the best there is" in certain areas: it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being "great" or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual.
Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the "needs ladder." In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role.
OK, that’s the general picture of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I’ve briefly introduced to you Maslow’s theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you’ve found his ideas interesting.
选项
答案
Safety
解析
根据原文,第二个层次的需求是对安全的需要,原文中提到At the next level are safety needs。因此这里应该填入Safety。注意S要大写。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lNoK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThePopularityofEnglishI.PresentstatusofEnglishAEnglishasanative/firstlanguageBEnglishasalinguafranca:alang
LearningHowtoLearnI.ViewsonlearningA.Learningissomethingsonatural—wedon’teven【T1】______we’redoingit【T1】_____
A、Music.B、Sportgames.C、Interests.D、Socialchanges.A在访谈结束时,主持人说到,下一次节目我们会谈论美国的艺术、写作和建筑。A项的内容符合艺术范畴,故为答案。其他选项在此次节目中已被谈论。
DifferentTypesofLearningI.ThedefinitionoflearningA.AprocessofpeopleexperiencingrelationshipbetweeneventsB.【T1】
ConversationalSkillsPeoplewhousuallymakeusfeelcomfortableinconversationsaregoodtalkers.Andtheyhavesomething
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
CreativeThinkingI.FactstobeknownaboutcreativethinkingA.Peoplearecreative【T1】______【T1】______B.Itisn’tdeveloped
随机试题
“是故学然后知不足,教然后知困。知不足,然后能自反也;知困,然后能自强也。故日教学相长也。”以上这段我国古代有关“教学相长”的论述出自()。
输送表压为0.5MPa、流量为180m3/h的饱和水蒸气应选用()。
在某一段时间内顾客的平均购买数量叫做()
简述包装的功能。
现场急救看见骨折端外露,正确的做法是
当日“债转股”的有效申报手数是当日“债转股”按账户合并后的申请手数与可转债交易过户后的持有手数比较,取较小的一个数量。()
对于一手个人住房贷款而言,在借款人购买的房屋没有办好抵押登记之前,一般要求由开发商提供阶段性或全程担保。()
微型机的闪存与硬盘相比较,硬盘的特点是()。A.存储容量大B.便于携带C.价格高D.外形美观
在某个信息系统项目中,存在新老系统切换问题,在设置项目计划网络图时,新系统上线和老系统下线之间应设置成(65)的关系。
用树型结构表示实体之间联系的模型是()。
最新回复
(
0
)