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  3. Even if you can’t tell your offside (越位) from your elbow, you’ve probably heard of VAR. The video assistant referee has been int

Even if you can’t tell your offside (越位) from your elbow, you’ve probably heard of VAR. The video assistant referee has been int

admin2021-08-19  53
问题     Even if you can’t tell your offside (越位) from your elbow, you’ve probably heard of VAR. The video assistant referee has been introduced into top-level football to cut out errors by referees. At every Premier League game, a VAR referee watches TV feeds of the game to check potentially contentious decisions.
    Moaning at referees has long been the staple of football fans. "That was never a penalty!"
    "Ref, do you need glasses? It was offside by a mile. "
    VAR was supposed to resolve, or at least reduce, such disagreements. Instead, it has generated even more discord. So much so that the debate about VAR has spilled over from the sports pages into the news pages and discussions on the Today programme.
    It’s tempting to dismiss the controversy over VAR as a story of interest only to football fans. But it’s also one that helps illuminate our broader relationship to technology, at a time when technology, especially AI, is beginning to shape many aspects of our lives, from the possibility of driverless cars to algorithms that can make decisions about medical treatment. In many of these areas, we worry that human judgments may be flawed and expect technology to provide better, more objective solutions. That’s exactly the argument for VAR, too. So, non-football fans, bear with me, while I talk football and VAR, for the debate about VAR should be of interest to all of us.
    VAR aims to eliminate "clear and obvious errors" by referees by using TV replays to allow officials to view contentious incidents from different camera angles and by reconstructing the movement of the ball or players to check whether a goal was actually scored and whether a player was offside.
    The trouble is, what constitutes a "clear and obvious error" is itself a judgment call. Much of the controversy has arisen from fans disagreeing with VAR overturning a refereeing decision that they think should have stood or not overturning a decision they think is flawed. Instead of fan fury being directed at the on-field referee, it’s now directed at both the on-field and the VAR referee.
    What are seen as "objective" decisions are often problematic. Take the offside rule. The rule has become more complicated in recent years, but in essence it states that a player is offside if any part of his body is nearer to the opponents’ goal line than both the ball and the second-last opponent. The rule is there primarily to stop a forward gaining an unfair advantage by ignoring the play and simply standing near the goal waiting for the ball.
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答案 即便你对越位一无所知，也很可能对视频助理裁判有所耳闻。视频助理裁判已被引入顶级足球赛事，以减少场上误判。每场英超联赛，视频助理裁判都会监控比赛的电视转播画面，以防止场上裁判做出可能引发争议的判罚。 长久以来，球迷们一直对裁判员怨声载道。“那根本不该判点球!”“裁判，你是不是忘戴眼镜了?那跟越位差了十万八千里了。” 视频助理裁判本应解决或至少减少此类争议。然而，它却引发了更多纷争。以至于有关视频助理裁判的争论已经从体育版蔓延到了新闻版，并出现在了节目《今天》的讨论中。 人们往往认为只有足球迷才会对这些关于视频助理裁判的争论感兴趣，因而不予关注。然而，这样的争论其实还有助于从更广泛的角度解释我们与科技之间的关系。当今时代，从无人驾驶汽车成为可能到可以做出医疗决策的算法出现，科技，尤其是人工智能，正在改变我们生活的方方面面。在这些领域，我们担心人类的判断可能存在缺陷，因此期待科技可以提供更好、更客观的方案。这也正是人们支持视频助理裁判的依据。所以，即便你不是足球迷，也请耐心听我阐述足球比赛和视频助理裁判的关系，因为这场视频助理裁判之争应该与我们每个人都息息相关。 视频助理裁判旨在通过使用电视回放，让裁判从不同的摄像角度观察争议判罚，重现球或球员的运动轨迹来确定进球是否合规、球员是否越位，以消除裁判的“明显误判”。 但问题是，确定是否为“明显误判”这件事本身就是个主观判断问题。对于视频助理裁判推翻球迷支持的判罚，或是不推翻他们认为不妥的判罚，球迷都表示不认同，从而产生争议。此时，球迷的怒火不再指向场上的裁判。而是同时指向了场上裁判以及视频助理裁判。 所谓的“客观”判罚往往都存在一些问题。就拿越位规则来说，这项规则在近几年变得愈加复杂，但本质上，它规定，假若进攻方球员身体的任何部位比球和对方倒数第二名队员更接近对方球门线，则该队员被视为越位。这项规则主要是为了防止前锋队员获得不公平优势，即无视比赛，只是在对方球门等待机会得球攻门。
解析     第一句话中can’t tell your offside from your elbow改编自俚语not know ode’s ass from one’s elbow，意思是“非常无知，愚蠢”，故这里选用“一无所知”这一义项，表示对越位一无所知。heard of表示“听说过”，这里同样使用四字词语“有所耳闻”，与前文形成对应，语言简洁且表意清晰。
    spill over表示“溢出，超出某个范围”，结合其后的“from…into”，将这部分整合为“从……蔓延到了……”，既体现了超出范围的含义，又指出了扩展到的范围，逻辑紧密且语言顺畅了today指的是美国NBC电视台的晨间新闻和脱口秀节目《今天》。
    Take在这里相当于Take…for example-，表示“举例来说”，后边的内容是对“越位”这个例子的详细说明，因此翻译时将这两句话合并为一句。a player意为“一名球员”，但文章是在对越位规则进行阐述，所以翻译时将其具体化为“进攻方球员”，表意更准确，相应的，opponent即“防守方球员”。
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