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  3. The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary t

The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary t

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问题     The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary tests—against lawyers who believe that lawsuits are needed to hold doctors accountable.
    Obviously, no one wants medical mistakes. And no one, perhaps with the exception of lawyers, wants lawsuits, which put the victims, their families and the doctors involved through painful affairs.
    How can physicians avoid the courtroom? If an error was made, many insurers advise physicians not to talk to patients. That’s wrong. Physicians should disclose their mistake, apologize and, when appropriate and through mutual agreement, compensate injured patients.
    For more than a decade, the University of Michigan Health System has used such a program, and its incidence of has since dropped 36% . This approach should be spread nationwide. Actually, in 2005, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama co-sponsored the National MEDiC Act, which among other things would have implemented apology laws throughout the U. S.
    Doctors also must create and maintain open lines of communication with patients, which is critical to preventing lawsuits in the first place. Doctors have to better explain, and patients better understand, that not all adverse outcomes are due to physician errors.
    Consider the seemingly simple task of dispensing (配药) a drug at a hospital. It’s actually a complex process that requires five interdependent steps: ordering, transcribing, dispensing, delivering and administering. A poorly designed system can lead to an error in any of those steps, with a potentially deadly outcome. Bad outcomes can also occur despite proper patient care.
    Finally, fewer lawsuits might lead to better medical treatment. A 2011 study from the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that doctors who had been sued were more prone to burnout, depression and suicide, and, in turn, often make significantly more mistakes.
    There’s no cure-all for eliminating mistakes, but a starting point is clearly communication. Better doctor-patient exchanges improve medicine, and when patients and their families are kept in the loop, they also are less likely to pursue a lawsuit. And, then, if errors are made, doctors should apologize and work with the patient and, when necessary, their lawyer, to find a compromise.
What is the most important way for doctors to prevent lawsuits?
选项 A、They should give more thorough medical tests.
B、They should tell patients the truth of their diseases.
C、They should be more careful about making prescription.
D、They should have an open communication with patients.
答案D
解析 事实细节题。定位句中由which引导的从句指代前面所提到的整个事实，在从句中作主语。由定位句可知，医生必须创造和保持与病人之间的开诚布公，这对于防止诉讼是十分重要的，故答案为D)。A)“他们应该进行更彻底的医疗检查”、B)“他们应该告诉病人真实病情”和C)“他们应该在开处方时更加小心”均不符合原文意思，故排除。
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