首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple-you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it,
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple-you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it,
admin
2015-05-29
69
问题
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple-you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour.The shopman offers you a third; but, before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried.
Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised.In the first place you have performed the operation of induction.You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness.It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second.True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make an induction; you generalize the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness.You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction.Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find it hard and green, you say, "all hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple is sour." That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism, and has all its various parts and terms-its major premises, its minor premises, and its conclusion.And by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination, "I will not have that apple." So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and upon that you have founded a deduction, and reasoned out the special particular case.
Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at some times afterwards, you are discussing the qualities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, "It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!" Your friend says to you, "But how do you know that?" You at once reply, "Oh, because I have tried them over and over again, and have always found them to be so." Well, if we are talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification.And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, "I have heard from people, in Somerset shire and Devon shire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and eaten, that they have observed the same thing." It is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America.In short, I find it to be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been directed to the subject.Whereupon, your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is convinced that you are quite right in the conclusion you have drawn.He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, and results of the same kind arrived at—that the more varied the conditions under which the same results are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further.He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says with you, therefore, that the law you have laid down must be a good one, and he must believe it.
The writer is probably______.
选项
A、French
B、English
C、American
D、None of the above
答案
B
解析
本题可参照文章倒数第2段。从中可知作者引用了地名Somerset shire and Devon shire.London,Normandy和North America,由此可以看出作者是英国人。因此B项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/leLO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,
Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,
TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonIn
Mostofustelloneortwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausethelie
Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIam
Accordingtoonesurveyof12,000people,about30percentofthosemakingNewYear’sresolutionssaytheydon’tevenkeepthem
Forgetfootball.Atmanyhighschools,thefiercestcompetitionisbetweenCokeandPepsioverexclusive"pouringrights"tosel
Highgradesaresupposedto______academicability,butJohn’sactualperformancedidnotconfirmthis.(中国矿业大学2008年试题)
Mostparent,Isuppose,havehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtimestorytotheir【C1】______andtheymusthave【C2】______howdif
随机试题
胸膜摩擦音可见于()
L-谷氨酸脱氢酶在哪些组织器官活性最强
使某一生理过程很快达到高潮并发挥其最大效应,依靠体内的
组织的平均超声衰减最低的是
胆总管内压力上升到哪个值时,肝脏分泌胆汁受到抑制
某北方平原地区二级公路设计车速60km/h,路基宽度10m。施工单位通过招投标获得第1V标段施工任务。路基填料为土方,该标段挖方量为177.56万方,填方量为156.75万方。为确保项目的工期、质量、安全和成本,项目部制定了施工方案和一系列的规章制度。项目
合同解除的法律效力是()。
ISO9000族标准是由_________制定的。
给定材料1.2016年7月19日至20日,河北省石家庄市出现连续强降雨过程,导致该市部分地区遭受不同程度的洪涝灾害。井陉县是此次暴雨洪涝重灾区,截至26日,该县33万人中有20.8万人受灾,死亡38人、失踪33人。另外,在井陉县境内修高速公路的中
生产、销售伪劣产品行为成立犯罪,必须是销售金额达到()。
最新回复
(
0
)