首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple-you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it,
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple-you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it,
admin
2015-05-29
36
问题
Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple-you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour.The shopman offers you a third; but, before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried.
Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised.In the first place you have performed the operation of induction.You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness.It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second.True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make an induction; you generalize the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness.You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction.Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find it hard and green, you say, "all hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple is sour." That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism, and has all its various parts and terms-its major premises, its minor premises, and its conclusion.And by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination, "I will not have that apple." So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and upon that you have founded a deduction, and reasoned out the special particular case.
Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at some times afterwards, you are discussing the qualities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, "It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!" Your friend says to you, "But how do you know that?" You at once reply, "Oh, because I have tried them over and over again, and have always found them to be so." Well, if we are talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification.And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, "I have heard from people, in Somerset shire and Devon shire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and eaten, that they have observed the same thing." It is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America.In short, I find it to be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been directed to the subject.Whereupon, your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is convinced that you are quite right in the conclusion you have drawn.He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, and results of the same kind arrived at—that the more varied the conditions under which the same results are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further.He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says with you, therefore, that the law you have laid down must be a good one, and he must believe it.
The writer is probably______.
选项
A、French
B、English
C、American
D、None of the above
答案
B
解析
本题可参照文章倒数第2段。从中可知作者引用了地名Somerset shire and Devon shire.London,Normandy和North America,由此可以看出作者是英国人。因此B项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/leLO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,
Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,
Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcutting,
TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonIn
Accordingtoonesurveyof12,000people,about30percentofthosemakingNewYear’sresolutionssaytheydon’tevenkeepthem
Anewbiotechnologyprocedurethatcouldbecomecommerciallyavailableinaslittleastwotofouryearsis"transgenesis",whic
Anewbiotechnologyprocedurethatcouldbecomecommerciallyavailableinaslittleastwotofouryearsis"transgenesis",whic
Mostparent,Isuppose,havehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtimestorytotheir【C1】______andtheymusthave【C2】______howdif
随机试题
壁胸膜分为哪几部分?各覆盖在何处?
下列哪些因素可使静脉回流加速
A.养阴清热止血B.温经散寒,化瘀止痛C.滋肾养阴,固冲止血D.活血祛瘀止血E.补气摄血,固冲调经
输尿管梗阻最常见的原因是男性婴儿尿道梗阻最常见的原因是
采用滤过除菌法滤除细菌时,有效地阻挡微牛物及芽孢通过的滤材孔径应采用
为提高输液剂热压灭菌的安全系数,实际操作时,设置的F0值在一般的值的基础上增加
ABC会计师事务所负责审计甲公司20×8年度财务报表,并委派A注册会计师担任审计项目组负责人。在审计过程中,审计项目组遇到下列与职业道德有关的事项:(1)A注册会计师与甲公司副总经理H同为京剧社票友,经H介绍,A注册会计师从其他企业筹得款项,成功
建党90年来,中国共产党团结、带领人民完成和推进了哪三件大事?
诺曼底战役
19世纪初,对德国各级学校进行整顿和改革的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)