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  3. New research by Hillary Pennell and Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz at the University of Missouri suggests that, at least for women, the

New research by Hillary Pennell and Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz at the University of Missouri suggests that, at least for women, the

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问题    New research by Hillary Pennell and Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz at the University of Missouri suggests that, at least for women, the influence of superheroes is not always positive. Although women play a variety of roles in the superhero genre, including helpless maiden and powerful heroine, the female characters all tend to be hypersexualized, from their perfect, seducing figures to their sexy, revealing costumes. Exposure to this, they show, can impact beliefs about gender roles, body esteem, and self-objectification.
   Consider, for example, superhero movies like Spider-man or Superman. These action-packed films typically feature a strong, capable, intelligent man fighting a villainous force. The goal of course is to save humanity, but more often than not there is also an immediate need to rescue a fair lady in distress. The female victim is typically delicate, naive, and defenseless, but at the same time sexy and beautiful. What she lacks in strength and cunning she makes up for in kindness and curves. It is not surprising (or insignificant) that she is often the object of the hero’s affections.
   Pennell and Behm-Morawitz argued that exposure to these stereotypic female victims, whose primary appeal is sexual, may lower women’s body esteem, heighten the value they place on body image, and result in less equal gender role beliefs and expectations. However, female characters have come a long way in the superhero genre, and it’s possible that the antidote to the helpless fair maiden is the competent, commanding superheroine.
   The X-Men films, for example, feature a number of empowering female characters like Storm, Jean Gray, and Dazzler, each of whom wields a unique special ability and displays impressive cognitive and physical competence. Perhaps exposure to this new generation of female heroines will result in more equal gender beliefs, higher body esteem, and greater prioritization of physical competence over appearance.
   Still, today’s superheroines, like their female victim counterparts, are often unrealistic, sexualized representations of female figures, with large chests, curvy backsides and unattainable hourglass dimensions. Their skin-tight outfits underline their sexuality with plunging necklines and bare skin, and many of their names (e. g. , Risque, Mystique, Ruby Summers) connote, shall we say, a slightly less respectable profession than superheroine.
   Pennell and Behm-Morawitz thus speculated that while today’s powerful superheroines might elevate equal beliefs about gender roles, their sexualized nature might simultaneously have destructive effects on body image and self-objectification.
Female victims in superhero movies tend to be______.
选项 A、formidable and quick-witted
B、sophisticated and intimidating
C、pretentious and loathsome
D、amiable and seductively-shaped
答案D
解析 本题是细节题，要求考生理解超级英雄电影中女性受害者常常被刻画成柔弱、单纯、无助，然而又楚楚动人。她们不强壮不狡猾，于是用善良和曲线(性感的身体)来弥补。关键点：What she lacks in strength and cunning she makes up for in kindness and curves．
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