首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
admin
2012-01-14
92
问题
The majority of successful
senior
managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision. Rather in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality, others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least four distinct ways. First, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A second function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Third, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem not just of implementing the solution. (437 words)
Which of the following can best describe the first paragraph?
选项
A、An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.
B、A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.
C、The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.
D、Two oppos to points of view are presented and evaluated.
答案
B
解析
B项中的conventional等同于第一行里的classical,从第一段第二句后半部分可以看出文章将引出新的模式。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/li6O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
Fortyyearsagonoonewasconcernedaboutthehealthoftheocean,inspiteofthefactthatmanyfisherieswerebeingoverhar
Educationaldevelopmentisboundupwitheconomicprogress.
Severaltrialeffortsinthe1980sprovedthatitwasfinancially______torestoreoldbuildings.
BuildingonthebaseofevidenceandinterpretationinHansen’s(1994)qualitativestudy(workingpeople’sdiaries,weassigned
We(areobliged)togrowupinskepticism,requiringproofsforeveryassertionaboutnature,(but)thereisnowayout(except)
Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.
Cheaplabor(scarcitywas)inthecottonplantations(ofthe)AmericanSouth,and(slaves)became(standard)practice.
Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade______.
随机试题
期刊宏观层次的选题策划不包括()。
输气工岗位职工必须(),圆满完成输气生产的各项工作任务。
单柱单气路气相色谱仪的工作流程为:由高压气瓶代给的载气依次经()。
肱骨中下1/3骨折易导致
根据《招标投标法》要求,必须以招标方式进行工程项目建设及与建设有关的设备、材料等采购总体范畴包括( )。
某工业锅炉焊接安装工程承包给某设备安装工程公司。本锅炉安装工程为散装锅炉安装工程,承包商在施工前制订了严格的施工程序,并提出施工技术要点。在施工中,根据《钢结构工程施工质量验收规范》规定,对原材料及成品进行进场检验,并对焊接材料、连接件、紧固件以及焊接工艺
生态经济的操作定义为,不破坏环境、不污染环境的经济,不以不可再生资源为基础的经济。根据上述定义,下列属于生态经济的是()。
测试用例包括输入值集和()值集。
将一个函数声明为一个类的友元函数必须使用关键字【】。
A、Shewenttothepartywithoutknowingit.B、Shewasinvitedtotheparty,C、Shewaspresentfortheparty.D、Shewasabsentfr
最新回复
(
0
)