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  3. It’s a brand new world—a world built around brands. Hard-charging, noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere. They’re

It’s a brand new world—a world built around brands. Hard-charging, noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere. They’re

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问题     It’s a brand new world—a world built around brands. Hard-charging, noise-making, culture-shaping brands are everywhere. They’re on supermarket shelves, of course, but also in business plans for dotcom startups and in the names of sports complexes. Brands are infiltrating people’s everyday lives—by sticking their logos on clothes, in concert programs, on subway-station walls, even in elementary-school classrooms.
    We live in an age in which CBS newscasters wear Nike jackets on the air, in which Burger King and McDonald’s open kiosks in elementary-school lunchrooms, in which schools like Stanford University are endowed with a Yahoo! Founders Chair. But as brands reach(and then overreach)into every aspect of our lives, the companies behind them invite more questions, deeper scrutiny—and an inevitable backlash by consumers.
    "Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing—and that has real implications for citizenship," says author and activist Naomi Klein. "It’s important for any healthy culture to have public space—a place where people are treated as citizens instead of as consumers. We’ve completely lost that space."
    Since the mid-1980s, as more and more companies have shifted from being about products to being about ideas—Starbucks isn’t selling coffee; it’s selling community!—those companies have poured more and more resources into marketing campaigns.
    To pay for those campaigns, those same companies figured out ways to cut costs elsewhere— for example, by using contract labor at home and low-wage labor in developing countries. Contract laborers are hired on a temporary, per-assignment basis, and employers have no obligation to provide any benefits(such as health insurance)or long-term job security. This saves companies money but obviously puts workers in vulnerable situations. In the United States, contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs, which employers and workers alike pretend are temporary—even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families.
    The massive expansion of marketing campaigns in the 1980s coincided with the reduction of government spending for schools and for museums. This made those institutions much too willing, even eager, to partner with private companies. But companies took advantage of the needs of those institutions, reaching too far, and overwhelming the civic space with their marketing agendas.
This text is mainly about______.
选项 A、the problems with current corporate practices
B、the nature of current marketing campaigns and strategies
C、the importance of brands in American culture
D、the excessive presence of brands and marketing in people’s lives
答案D
解析 属主旨思想题。文章开篇第一句就点出了主题：这是一个全新的世界——一个由品牌构筑的世界。最后一句又进一步说明品牌正在渗入人们的日常生活，可见选项D正确。选项A、B为文中二、三、四、五段中的具体内容，不具有概括性。选项C概括过于广泛，超出了文章的内容。
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