首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE Cases and examples are from
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE Cases and examples are from
admin
2015-11-09
38
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE
Cases and examples are from practice conducted in 【L31】______as well as rural areas.
Acid rain
The chemicals have devastating effects on the architecture.
The government try to reduce the negative effects.
Funds have been received from a 【L32】______
【L33】______ experience lower levels of acid in damaging pollutants.
In recent years, Alter Project focuses on the buildings made of 【L34】______
Pollution
One of the main sources of pollution is from the construction industry.
【L35】______ is used to reduce pollution in Sky Tower.
Construction is affected by the increased 【L36】______ in winter.
Humidity affects the 【L37】______ buildings whose grain can be condensed by moisture from the air.
Building & Technology
Ground conditions can be a problem when the density of the 【L38】______ is wrong.
Architects can now monitor the 【L39】______ of buildings.
The government should make 【L40】______ for the architects.
【L37】
Welcome class to your very first lecture in this series on Architecture conducted by myself, Dr Torben Dahl. Today we will be looking into the relationship between climate and architecture, where I will be giving you a critical overview of the main climate influences that shape the design of buildings. Throughout this lecture series we will be looking at the latest research into climatic design carried out by experts in the field in addition to case studies and examples drawn from modernist practice both in cities and rural areas.
Now, acid rain is one of the climatic elements with the most devastating effects on our architecture.The chemicals in acid rain can cause paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and erosion of stone statues. Since the 1970s, our government has been making great effort to reduce the release of these chemicals into the atmosphere with positive results. Private organisations have also been raising awareness and funds and recently received a huge donation from the bank. It is interesting to look at the studies that have been carried out into the effects of acid rain at varying altitudes. Research has shown that there are lower levels of acid in the damaging pollutants at higher altitudes, meaning that skyscrapers are much less vulnerable to the negative effects as they are exposed to acid rain with far lower levels of damaging pollutants.
Recently, the Alter Project was founded to carry out further research into acid rain. This project is directed towards studying the effects of acid rain on old, traditional buildings of stone construction that are vulnerable to damage caused by acid rain. Masonry is particularly vulnerable as it is easily corroded and weakened by the acidic chemicals. It is imperative that we protect these buildings, as they are valuable examples of our history and culture.
Pollution is one of the main sources of concern in the present day. The construction industry contributes considerably as a source of pollution in its day-to-day processes of creating building materials such as concrete and glass, however, more new sustainable methods are being developed to counter this. A recent case study for this is Sky Tower, whose windows have been made from recycled glass to prevent pollution from the glass-making process.
Water is the most problematic element to be considered in construction. It is imperative that construction elements such as the insulation are fitted into the building in dry weather to prevent it from getting wet. This makes winter an undesirable season for construction as the heavy rainfall can have adverse effects on the building. Another climate type that has an enormous affect on buildings is humidity. Constructions made of steel and stone are largely unaffected by humidity, however, it can have a serious effect on wooden constructions if the timber has not been correctly treated. Moisture from the air can condense in the grain of the wood, which then swells and shrinks in proportion to the magnitude of change in its moisture content. This variation in size can have disastrous consequences.
In areas of the world that are prone to earthquakes, certain design and environmental conditions are preferable for protecting buildings in the event of a tremor. Engineers have come up with numerous building procedures to help minimise shaking in buildings. For example, tall buildings have height restrictions and counterweights and multi-storey buildings have reinforced floors and walls. Ground conditions are a cause for worry in many constructions as often the soil is of the wrong density to protect the foundations.
Luckily technology has now been developed that can help to minimise damage by earthquakes. Seismic sensors can give prior warning when an earthquake is about to happen so that preparations can be made to protect both the people and the buildings from harm. The movement of building structures can now also be measured and monitored over time by architects. It has been expressed by architects within the design community that it would be valuable to be given special courses for designing buildings within earthquake zones. Guidelines are also expected to be produced by the government in the near future that will give architects a universal checklist to follow.
That wraps up the lecture for today. Please remember that attendance is mandatory... [fade out]
选项
答案
wooden
解析
Humidity(湿度)对钢铁和石头建筑不会造成什么影响,但对于木质建筑的影响会很大,原文所述为“Constructions made of steel and stone are largely unaffected by humidity,however,itcan have a serious effect on wooden constructions if the timber has not been correctly treated.”故此处填wooden。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lo8O777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Somepeoplesayit’sbettertoworkforoneselfthanbeemployedbyacompany.What’syouropinion?
WRITINGTASK2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:Somepeoplethinkth
Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:Moreandmorewomengoouttowork.Itistheresponsibilityofthegovernmenttoprovidest
Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:Somepeoplethinkthatthepurposeofmuseu
Youaretravellingandhavelostsomethingthatisexpensive.Thelostitemisinsured.Writealettertotheinsurancecomp
Doyouthinkthereisthenecessityofcreatinganewgloballanguage?Givespecificreasonsandexamples.
READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.
Questions28-29Completethenotes,whichshowhowtheapproachestodefining’talent’havechanged.ChooseONEorTWOWORDSfro
随机试题
患者,男,68岁。因呼吸困难、口唇发绀、烦躁不安急诊入院,确诊为肺源性心脏病、心力衰竭合并肺性脑病。护士配合医生进行抢救。患者躁动不安为防止坠床应采取的保护措施是
苯二氮革类无关的作用是
患者,女,46岁。因心悸,乏力,食欲亢进2年就诊。查体:眼裂增大,呈惊恐貌,甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,心尖区可闻及3/6级收缩期杂音,心率104次分,律整,血压150/75mmHg(20/10kPa)。应首先考虑的是
A、志贺痢疾杆菌B、福氏痢疾杆菌C、舒密次痢疾杆菌D、鲍氏痢疾杆菌E、宋内痢疾杆菌能产生神经毒素的痢疾杆菌是
在我国城市道路路面分级中,()可大量使用当地材料,只能保证低速行车,初期投入少,运输成本高,一般雨期影响通车。
证券公司证券自营业务决策机构原则上应当按照()的三级体制设立。Ⅰ.股东(大)会Ⅱ.董事会Ⅲ.投资决策机构Ⅳ.自营业务部门
()是使投资项目的净现值等于零的贴现率。
委托任务和组织活动是属于()。
向一密闭容器中充入一定量CH3OH,在一定条件下发生2CH3OH(g)CH3OCH3(g)+H2O(g),达到平衡时CH3OH的体积分数随温度变化如下图所示。下列叙述正确的是()。
要控制两个表中数据的完整性和一致性可以设置“参照完整性”,要求这两个表()。
最新回复
(
0
)