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  3. "Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth—but more by accident than by desi

"Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth—but more by accident than by desi

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问题      "Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth—but more by accident than by design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had a better result without really trying," says George Martine at Harvard.
     Brazil’s population growth rate has dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.
     Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas and installment plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest producers of soap operas. Globe, Brazil’s most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.                          
      "Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values—not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine, "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package."
     Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the Ix)or to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was incompatible with unlimited reproduction," says Martine.
The underlined phrase "puts it down to" (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to" ______ ".
选项 A、attributes it to
B、finds it a reason for
C、sums it up as
D、compares it to
答案A
解析 首先我们必须明确it在这里指代“巴西的人口增长降低了”这么一个事实，然后我们可以使用排除法将一些选项排除。如选B “这是……的一个原因”，根据下文可以知道，“巴西的人口增长降低了”是结果而不是原因，原因应为“通俗电视连续剧的播映和分期付款计划方案的实施”，可见，如选B 就会将因果颠倒，不合乎逻辑。如果选择C “将其总结为……”，那么作为一个事实提出的“巴西的人口增长降低了”又怎么被总结呢?如果选D “将其与……做比较”，那么“巴西的人口增长降低了”这个事实又怎么可以和原因做比较呢，它们之间没有共性可言。由
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