首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such
admin
2019-09-17
72
问题
It has become fashionable to issue dire projections of declining prosperity based on demographic aging. But is that really such a problem?
There is no doubt that all countries of the world are getting older, but they are at very different stages of the process. The median age in the United States — with half the population older and half younger — is currently 36. In Ethiopia, it’s 18, owing to a higher birthrate and a lower life expectancy. In other African countries, it’s even lower. The world’s oldest country is Germany, where the median age is 45.
The pattern is very clear: The young countries are poor, and the old countries are rich. So why do people fear population aging? I see two reasons. The first is psychological: The analogy to individual aging suggests that as populations get older, they grow frail and lose mental
acuity
. The second comes from economists and an indicator called the dependency ratio, which assumes that every adult below age 65 contributes to society, and everybody above 65 is a burden. And the proportion of people older than 65 is bound to increase.
Yet we also know that the productivity of some individuals is much higher than that of others, independent of age. Nothing is inherently special about the age of 65. Many people live longer and do so mostly in good health. The saying "
seventy is the new 60
" has a sound scientific basis. Meanwhile, education has been shown to be a key determinant of better health, longer life and higher productivity (not to mention open-mindedness). The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem.
To appreciate how projections based on the simplistic dependency ratio can be misleading, consider the two population billionaires, China and India. In 2050 China’s population will be older than India’s because of its more rapid fertility decline. But so what? China’s population is much better educated and therefore much more productive. Furthermore, only a minority of Chinese will retire at age 65. We can expect most Chinese to make meaningful contributions through work as long as they are in good health, particularly if they find their jobs interesting and satisfying. Again, this is largely a question of education. In India today, one out of three adults has never seen a school from the inside. In China only 8 percent, mostly elderly, have no schooling. In India, 50 percent of young women have less than a junior secondary education; in China, the figure is only 15 percent. Knowing how important education is to economic performance, who would seriously claim that India’s future is brighter than China’s owing to slower aging?
Population aging is not irrelevant, but it should be seen in conjunction with other dimensions of human capital, especially education and health. Here the prospects are good. In most countries of the world — with the notable exception of the United States — the young are clearly better educated than the old and may thus compensate for their smaller numbers through higher productivity.
Viewing the quality of human capital as resting on a collection of elements, many of them manageable, is something that the private sector has been doing for a long time. Every sizable business pays attention to human resource management. For governments, the equivalent would be a form of national human resource management that considers education, migration, family, labor, health, and retirement as components that interact richly — and together drive the richness of the future.
The old countries are booming because the elderly people______.
选项
A、serve as a valuable asset
B、have strong personality
C、are increasing considerably
D、are in good health
答案
A
解析
归因推理。根据第三段第一行“The young countries are poor,and the old countries are rich”,和第四段提到的“人的生产力因人而异,与年龄无关,受到良好教育的老年人依旧老有所为”,以及最后一句结论“The active aging of better-educated populations can be an asset rather than a problem”可知,老年人对社会来说是一种财富。【知识拓展】归因推理题需要捕捉作者的论证思路。难度较大的归因推理不会只局限一段,往往需要从几个连续或不连续段落中跟踪作者的写作逻辑,这是比较高级的命题思路,能检验出读者更高的阅读水平。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/lqwO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Fromthenoticeandthediscussionbetweenthetwostudents,weknowthatJackthinksthepresentchargingsystemisbetterthan
Directions:Readthepassage.Thenanswerthequestions.Giveyourself20minutestocompletethispracticeset.
EarthScienceWhatstartedtherunawayeffectthatledtotheSaharaareaofNorthAfricabecomingadesert?
Scientistshaveaskedimportantquestionsaboutthisexplosionformorethanacentury.Whydiditoccursolateinthehistory
Directions:Readthepassage.Thenanswerthequestions.Giveyourself20minutestocompletethispracticeset.
Somepeopleprefertoworkforthemselvesorownabusiness.Othersprefertoworkforanemployer.Wouldyouratherbeself-emp
"MigrationfromAsia"TheAsianmigrationhypothesisistodaysupportedbymostofthescientificevidence.Thefirst"hard"
"MigrationfromAsia"TheAsianmigrationhypothesisistodaysupportedbymostofthescientificevidence.Thefirst"hard"
Itisnowwell-establishedthatpetroleummigratesthroughaquifersandcanbecometrappedinreservoirs.Petroleummigrationis
随机试题
对政府信息的内容要求是?()
元音发音时,()越大,舌位越低。
三年来,某自学考试科目的合格率分别为:0.50,0.30,0.20,设它们的权数分别为0.2,0.4,0.4,那么三年来该科目合格率的加权平均数为()
在ICD-10中,下列疾病应分类于“血液及造血器官疾病和某些涉及免疫机制的疾患”这一章的是
UCITS三号指令,自()起生效。
BT公司是一家内燃机生产企业。最近,公司质量部刘经理感到非常困惑。刘经理是一年前从技术人员升为质量部经理的,长期的基层工作使他认识到一线工人在工作中缺乏质量技术和工具的支持。因此,刘经理一上任,就针对一线工人展开了质量技术和工具的培训,聘请高水平的讲师为工
仓储活动的基本功能包括()。
公安机关在行使管制权时,人民警察可以采取必要手段强行驱散,并对拒不服从的人员()。
下列关于事务处理的叙述中,哪一条是不正确的?()A)事务的ACID特性指的是原子性、一致性、唯一性和持久性B)成功完成执行的事务称为已提交事务C)已提交事务使数据库进入一个新的一致状态D)已中止事务对数据库所做的任何改变必须撤销
Besidesclimatechange,developingcountrieslikeChinaneedtodealwithenergy【C1】______andenvironmentalissues:thedevelopm
最新回复
(
0
)