2. 外语
  3. Getting a good night’s sleep has long been known to consolidate the day’s memories, moving them from short-term storage into lon

Getting a good night’s sleep has long been known to consolidate the day’s memories, moving them from short-term storage into lon

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问题     Getting a good night’s sleep has long been known to consolidate the day’s memories, moving them from short-term storage into long-term holding, but new research shows that it’s not automatic. A(n)【C1】______of sleep is helpful only【C2】______you know a test is coming or, more【C3】______, if you explicitly tell yourself you’ll need the information in the【C4】______And we can put it in other【C5】______, don’t expect eight hours of shut-eye to help you on a pop quiz.
    In an elegant【C6】______of experiments, scientists at the University of Lubeck in Germany tested memory by having【C7】______learn 40 word pairs, or the【C8】______of 15 cards in a concentration-type game plus a【C9】______of finger taps. Sleep【C10】______memory only in those who had been told they’d be tested 10 hours【C11】______, not in those for whom the quiz came as a (n)【C12】______, says a report in the Journal of Neuroscience. "Merely expecting that a【C13】______will be used in a test determines whether sleep【C14】______its consolidation," says Liibeck’s Jan Born.
    The new research is the first to show how sleep【C15】______its memory magic. EEGs (脑电图) found that the "test is coming" group spent【C16】______time in deep, slow-wave sleep than did the group not【C17】______a test. Slow electrical waves act【C18】______a replay button on the recorder,【C19】______the hippocampus (海马状突起) to reactivate new memories and synchronizing the neocortex (大脑新皮层) so that it accepts them into long-term storage. This【C20】______group also had more "sleep spindles (睡眠梭形波)", bursts of electrical activity that prime networks in the cortex to store memories arriving from the hippocampus and to integrate them into existing knowledge, which makes retrieval easier.
【C12】
选项 A、surprise
B、shock
C、astonishment
D、amazement
答案A
解析 名词辨析题。文章中表示另外一组因为没有预料到有测试而吃惊，所以选surprise。shock“非常震惊”，指意外的不愉快感觉；astonishment指因认为不可能或极少发生的事而感到惊讶或迷惑不解；amazement指出乎意料，但又无法解释而感到惊奇。
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