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  3. Disgust Makes Us Truly Sick "He makes me sick" is not usually a statement about the flu. It’s a judgment about someone’s beh

Disgust Makes Us Truly Sick "He makes me sick" is not usually a statement about the flu. It’s a judgment about someone’s beh

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问题                     Disgust Makes Us Truly Sick
    "He makes me sick" is not usually a statement about the flu. It’s a judgment about someone’s behavior, a sentence delivered with complete disgust about one of our fellow human beings who doesn’t know how to behave properly.
    It’s interesting that this metaphor for disapproval can also be very real.
    When we see bad behavior, we often do feel sick. The hand goes to the mouth, the disgust sets in, and we turn up our noses as if something foul just walked by. Researchers at the University of Toronto have also just discovered that people react to disgusting photographs, and moral disgust with similar facial movements.
    In other words, the moral code must be biologically based because we react the same to rotten milk, pictures of rotten feet.
    The idea that morality has a deep, evolutionary basis has been around for a while In 1996, primatologist Frans de Waal wrote in his book "Good Natured" that humans were not the only species to feel moral outrage and the need for social justice; chimpanzees, too, are moral animals with a social code that keeps the group in line. If chimps had the beginning of morality, then it must have been part of our nature for ages.
    At the time, de Waal’s evolutionary perspective on morality went against the very foundations of Western civilization. Philosophers, cultural anthropologists and historians held that moral rules were a recent addition to human societies, something that separated us from the apes. But clearly, it has deep roots. Morality is, after all, universal among us, which suggests that it is part of human nature.
    But just because we wrinkle our noses at bad behavior and just because chimpanzees are moral philosophers does not mean that the contents of the moral code itself is all hardwired. Children in some cultures are beaten regularly, while in other places, physical punishment is completely wrong. The moral code also shifts with time. Smoking is considered morally wrong in U. S. social situations these days but not so long ago was accepted in every house and every office.
    We need these mutually agreed—upon social rights and wrongs because without some structure we’d be a bunch of headless chickens running around unable to function as a group. It’s therefore a good thing evolution has given us the capacity to make some moral rules and be disgusted by those who break them.
    For once, it seems, the nature and nurture people are both right. Our capacity to have a moral code is surely part of our fundamental social nature, a necessary part of group living. But at the same time, we get to decide what is right and wrong, and that makes morality a collective thought process that works for the group, not just the individual. It also apparently allows us to judge when the milk has gone sour and that there are some things we’d just as soon not look at.
The passage is mainly about the morality’s______.
选项 A、literary source
B、physical reaction
C、societal function
D、evolutionary purpose
答案B
解析 本题考查文章主旨。纵观全文，文章首段以一个比喻句为例引出文章叙述的要点：道德判断同恶心之间存在一定的联系。随后通过生活中的具体事例以及科学研究证实了这一观点的正确性，指出道德准则是有进化意义的，道德是人类天性的一部分，是先天和后天的“统一”，最后指出道德判断同恶心之间的联系使人类不仅能更好地判断事物是否腐坏，也能够制定道德准则以指导人的社会活动。可见，全文都是围绕着道德的生理反应展开叙述的，因此[B]选项正确。[A]选项是根据文章开篇的比喻句设置的干扰。比喻句的使用只是全文的一个引子，目的是为了引出下文对道德同一定的生理反应之间的联系的叙述。[C]选项太窄，文章只在最后一段谈及了道德的社会功能，无法概括全篇，故排除。[D]选项是根据原文第五段的个别词汇“evolulionary”编造的选项，文章并未涉及道德的意义，故错误。
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