2. 外语
  3. Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: 1) Summar

Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should: 1) Summar

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问题     Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:
    1) Summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
    2) Comment on whether congestion fee works in reducing traffic jam or not. You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.
    Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
                                                Is Congestion Charge a Good Idea to Solve Traffic Jam?
    The London congestion charge is becoming less effective in cutting traffic delays and has generated no real economic benefits, motoring groups and business leaders said yesterday.
    Transport for London’s figures show that the number of vehicles entering the central toll zone has edged up 10 percent to 110,000 a day since the £5 charge was introduced. The AA’s study indicates that the initial 3mph improvement in average traffic speeds within the zone had dwindled to 2mph by the end of the year.
    Delivery firms, which were supposed to benefit particularly from the reduction in congestion, gave the scheme an overwhelming thumbs-down. Nearly 70 per cent said their journeys were no faster than 12 months ago. The RAC attacked "alarming" weaknesses in the enforcement system, which had seen the number of formal appeals against fines leap to five times the level Transport for London had expected.
    Beijing already has more than 5.59 million vehicles, the most in any Chinese city. According to the Beijing Transport Research Center, on average, the city’s drivers were stuck in traffic for about 115 minutes on any weekday in 2014. Based on the estimates from AutoNavi Software Co., on average Beijing commuters lose 808 yuan ($127) in time-cost every month because of traffic jams.
    The basic idea is to impose a fee on cars driving on certain roads, a fee that would vary according to the time of day, with the highest fee charged during peak hours. Among the measures, the congestion charge, which is unprecedented in China, will arguably play the most important role in reducing traffic.
选项
答案 Do Congestion Fees Work? Traffic congestion has long been troubling many big cities. Many measures have even been discussed or even piloted to solve this problem. One of them is to charge congestion fees. The given excerpt reveals that this measure does not work well in London based on some statistic evidence while it is proposed to do so in Beijing and predicted to be a good idea but without real practices. In my opinion, whether congestion charge works or not depends on the traffic condition of a city and other related factors. According to Beijing traffic, its large number of daily traffic and the high cost of jammed commuters seem to prove that congestion fees really work for this city. The trapped drivers have to pay on the ground of the driving time and roads, more to be paid in rush hours. Once charged about this, commuters may consider their increasing cost and be discouraged from driving, thus helping reduce the traffic crowdedness. However, the fact does not prove this to be true. The London case tells us that this kind of charge is not so effective. Instead, more cars are entering the city centre where jam problem is serious. Another subsequence is to invite more legal cases about the enforcement of fines. From the two cases, congestion fees may not be effective as expected due to the number of traffic on the jammed roads and driving time as well as the implementing effect. It is advisable to take more factors of traffic congestion and the real need of city people into consideration to work out an efficient way of charging congestion fees.
解析 交通堵塞问题是城市建设的一个主要问题，对于怎样解决这个问题，各国和城市都有自己的方法，所给短文正是伦敦和北京两大城市对交通堵塞的认识和所提出的解决方案，以及对方案的效果的阐述。因此在写作的过程中，关于这两个城市征收堵塞费可以作为例证来论述。
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